Augmented antibiotic resistance associated with cadmium induced alterations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

Scientific Reports
Ujjwal Jit KaurPraveen Rishi

Abstract

In view of the reports on co-selection of metal and antibiotic resistance, recently we have reported that increased cadmium accumulation in Salmonella Typhi Ty2 leads to increased antibiotic resistance. In continuation, the present study was carried to substantiate this association in clinical isolates. Interestingly, the levels of cadmium were found to be more in the clinical isolates which co-related with their antibiotic sensitivity/resistance pattern. On cadmium accumulation, antibiotic(s) sensitive isolates were rendered resistant and the resistant isolates were rendered more resistant as per their minimum inhibitory concentration(s). Further, after subjecting the pathogen to cadmium accumulation, alterations occurring in the cells were assessed. Transgenerational cadmium exposure led to changes in growth response, morphology, proteome, elevated antioxidants other than SOD, increased biofilm formation, decreased intracellular macrophage killing coupled with upregulation of genes encoding metallothionein and metal transporters. Thus, these results indicate that cadmium, if acquired from the environment, being non-degradable can exert a long-lasting selective pressure on Salmonella in the host which may display antibiotic re...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electrophoresis
PCR

Software Mentioned

GraphPad Prism
GelQuant
SPSS
ImageJ

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