PMID: 7539594May 1, 1995Paper

August Krogh Lecture. The renal concentrating mechanism in insects and mammals: a new hypothesis involving hydrostatic pressures

The American Journal of Physiology
Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen

Abstract

Water moves from compartments of higher to compartments of lower water potential. Osmotically active solutes and negative hydrostatic pressure both lower water potential by stretching the hydrogen bonds between water molecules (Hammel-Scholander hypothesis). In trees the negative hydrostatic pressure in the sap is balanced by the osmotic pressure of the leaves. In response to differences in water potential, water flows across biological membranes through water-filled pores. Protein molecules, aquaporins, forming hourglass-shaped pores have been identified, cloned, and located in plasma membranes in mammalian as well as other tissues. Water molecules flow single file through aquaporins. Insects concentrate the urine in the rectum. Mammals concentrate the urine in the collecting ducts in the inner medulla. In both, a compartment with a high osmotic concentration is created through ion transport. Both have a muscular coat surrounding the tissue, which shows peristaltic contractions. In insects it is the muscular layer around the rectum; in mammals it is the renal pelvic wall that surrounds the papilla. Mechanisms are proposed whereby these peristaltic contractions, through the creation of positive and negative hydrostatic pressure...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 20, 2005·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Mary Ella C PruittBodil Schmidt-Nielsen
May 10, 2006·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Marcela HerreraJeffrey L Garvin
May 23, 2008·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Thomas L PannabeckerAnita T Layton
Aug 20, 2010·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Pablo D CabralJeffrey L Garvin
Jun 27, 2014·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Pablo D Cabral, Jeffrey L Garvin
Jan 31, 2003·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Mark A KnepperTerry Dwyer
Feb 27, 2009·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Nancy J Hong, Jeffrey L Garvin
Nov 30, 2006·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Nancy J Hong, Jeffrey L Garvin
Nov 20, 2009·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Guillermo B Silva, Jeffrey L Garvin
Aug 17, 2012·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Nancy J Hong, Jeffrey L Garvin
Nov 20, 2013·Annual Review of Physiology·Jeff M Sands, Harold E Layton
Dec 17, 2014·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Nancy J Hong, Jeffrey L Garvin
Jul 18, 2019·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Anita T Layton
Oct 12, 2007·Physiological Reviews·Robert A Fenton, Mark A Knepper
Jun 24, 2004·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Anita T LaytonHarold E Layton
Feb 25, 2011·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Pablo D Cabral, Jeffrey L Garvin
Apr 20, 2012·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Sara StridhPeter Hansell
Nov 6, 2009·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Aurélie Edwards
Feb 2, 2011·Acta Physiologica·Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, Bent Schmidt-Nielsen
Oct 11, 2013·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Robert Moss, S Randall Thomas
Apr 20, 2018·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Fara SaezJeffrey L Garvin
Apr 13, 2012·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Pablo D CabralJeffrey L Garvin
Aug 14, 2009·Physiology·Anita T LaytonThomas L Pannabecker
Aug 1, 2014·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Nancy J Hong, Jeffrey L Garvin
May 7, 2014·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological Genetics and Physiology·Patricia A Tejo RiquelmeCarlos E Borghi
Jan 27, 2017·Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling·Robert H LouwDiane Hildebrandt
Nov 21, 2014·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Gerald Kooyman
Oct 2, 2007·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·Ray C Bartolo, John A Donald
Jun 16, 2009·Seminars in Nephrology·Jeff M Sands, Harold E Layton

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