Auraptene, a Major Compound of Supercritical Fluid Extract of Phalsak (Citrus Hassaku Hort ex Tanaka), Induces Apoptosis through the Suppression of mTOR Pathways in Human Gastric Cancer SNU-1 Cells

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM
Jeong Yong MoonSomi Kim Cho

Abstract

The supercritical extraction method is a widely used process to obtain volatile and nonvolatile compounds by avoiding thermal degradation and solvent residue in the extracts. In search of phytochemicals with potential therapeutic application in gastric cancer, the supercritical fluid extract (SFE) of phalsak (Citrus hassaku Hort ex Tanaka) fruits was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Compositional analysis in comparison with the antiproliferative activities of peel and flesh suggested auraptene as the most prominent anticancer compound against gastric cancer cells. SNU-1 cells were the most susceptible to auraptene-induced toxicity among the tested gastric cancer cell lines. Auraptene induced the death of SNU-1 cells through apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased cell population in the sub-G1 phase, the appearance of fragmented nuclei, the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein, and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Interestingly, auraptene induces an increase in the phosphorylation of Akt, which is reminiscent of the effect of rapamycin, the mTOR inhibitor that triggers a negative feedback loop on Akt/mTOR pathway. Taken together, these findings pr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 5, 2017·Phytotherapy Research : PTR·Mahdi MoussaviShokouhozaman Soleymanifard
May 22, 2016·Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment·Saffiyeh Saboor-MalekiMehrdad Iranshahi
Aug 20, 2019·BioFactors·Bahram BibakAmirhossein Sahebkar
Sep 16, 2017·Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire·Mahdi MoussaviFatemeh B Rassouli
Feb 2, 2020·Scientific Reports·Nazila JalilzadehHamed Hamishehkar
May 16, 2020·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Hamide SalariFatemeh B Rassouli
Jul 8, 2019·Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology·Le Van Manh HungSomi Kim Cho
Mar 7, 2021·Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation·Mohammad Reza ShiranMohsen Rashidi
Jun 17, 2021·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Asifa KhanMohammad Askandar Iqbal
Jul 10, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Zahra Tayarani-NajaranSamira Eghbali

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
FACS
flow cytometry
protein assay
X-ray
fluorescence microscopy

Software Mentioned

SPSS

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis