Autoimmune Dementia

Seminars in Neurology
Justin M Long, Gregory S Day

Abstract

Dementia refers to an acquired syndrome of intraindividual cognitive decline that ultimately interferes with an individual's ability to manage their usual duties at work or home. As experience with the diagnosis and management of patients with autoimmune and paraneoplastic encephalitis (AE) has expanded, it has become increasingly apparent that dementia may arise as a subacute or chronic complication of immune-mediated injury to the central nervous system. Progressive memory and thinking problems may represent the first (or only) sign of an underlying autoimmune or paraneoplastic disease. Accordingly, there is a need to routinely consider the diagnosis of AE in patients with dementia, and to evaluate patients recovering from AE for clinically meaningful cognitive impairment. We review and summarize the available evidence concerning the diagnosis and care of AE patients with associated cognitive impairment, herein referred to as autoimmune dementia (AiD). Relevant information is used to propose a novel diagnostic framework that may be applied to improve recognition, and facilitate the expedited evaluation and treatment of patients with AiD.

Citations

Feb 12, 2019·Journal of Neurology·Margaret S BlattnerGregory S Day
Sep 18, 2018·Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders·Gregory S DayJohn C Morris
Jun 12, 2020·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Margaret S Blattner, Gregory S Day
Aug 28, 2020·Frontiers in Neurology·Gregory S DayCatherine M Roe
Jan 19, 2021·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Gregory S DayBeau M Ances
Nov 27, 2021·Seminars in Neurology·Philip W TiptonNeill Graff-Radford

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