Autoimmune encephalitis: A potentially reversible cause of status epilepticus, epilepsy, and cognitive decline

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
Awadh Kishor PanditManjari Tripathi

Abstract

To review clinical characteristics and response to immunomodulation therapy in autoimmune encephalitis presenting with status epilepticus (SE), epilepsy, and cognitive decline. Observational, prospective case series. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Prospective analysis of 15 patients, who presented with SE, epilepsy, cognitive decline, and other neurological symptoms with positive autoantibodies. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal-fluid analysis (CSF), and tumor screening were done periodically. Treatment received and responses (categorized as per patients and treating doctor's information) were noted. There were 15 (males = 10) patients of autoimmune encephalitis. The mean age of presentation was 24 years (range: 2-64 years). The most common onset was subacute (64%) and four (29%) patients presented as SE. Predominant clinical presentations were seizures (100%) almost of every semiology. CSF was done in 10 patients; it was normal in 60%. Brain MRI was done in all patients, in six (40%) it was normal, six (40%) showed T2W and FLAIR hyperintensities in bilateral limbic areas. Antibodies found were the N-methyl-D-aspartate recept...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 16, 2014·Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology·Ashok Kumar KayalBaiakmenlang Synmon
Apr 1, 2016·The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques·Maude-Marie Gagnon, Martin Savard
Jun 17, 2015·Seizure : the Journal of the British Epilepsy Association·Divyanshu DubeyRyan Hays
Oct 15, 2014·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·L TianD Zhou
Sep 2, 2016·Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders·Divyanshu DubeySteven Vernino
Apr 8, 2014·The Neurohospitalist·Andrew Nathan Wilner
Jul 15, 2015·Expert Review of Clinical Immunology·Qingxia Lin, Xuefeng Wang
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Jun 2, 2018·Critical Care Research and Practice·Rohit MarawarAashit Shah

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electrophoresis
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Software Mentioned

excel

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