Autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnant women and their offspring.

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
R S Brown

Abstract

To present an overview of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) that can occur in pregnancy. The major thyroid antibodies that can traverse the maternal-fetal circulation and affect the fetus are summarized, those women at risk of having affected fetuses are identified, and the diagnosis, course, and treatment of AITD in maternal and neonatal patients are discussed. AITD, including Graves' disease and autoimmune thyroiditis, is common in women of childbearing age. Rarely, the fetus can be affected because of transplacental passage of maternal IgG. Of the thyroid autoantibodies found in AITD, only those directed against the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor have been shown to cause fetal thyroid dysfunction. Both transient neonatal hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been described, as has delayed onset of neonatal hyperthyroidism due to the coexistence of stimulating and blocking TSH receptor antibodies. In general, affected infants are those born to mothers with the most potent antibody activity, and the duration of the neonatal thyroid dysfunction is dependent on the antibody titer and the rate of metabolic clearance from the infant's circulation. If fetal hyperthyroidism is suspected, maternal TSH receptor antibodie...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 6, 2014·PloS One·Jérémy SerorDominique Luton
Oct 12, 2010·Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·M I Nor AzlinM A Jamil
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Mar 30, 2013·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Giuseppe Barbesino, Yaron Tomer
Sep 11, 2018·Journal of Current Ophthalmology·Mohammad Naderan

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