Automatic Exudate Detection from Non-dilated Diabetic Retinopathy Retinal Images Using Fuzzy C-means Clustering.

Sensors
Akara SopharakSarah A Barman

Abstract

Exudates are the primary sign of Diabetic Retinopathy. Early detection can potentially reduce the risk of blindness. An automatic method to detect exudates from low-contrast digital images of retinopathy patients with non-dilated pupils using a Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering is proposed. Contrast enhancement preprocessing is applied before four features, namely intensity, standard deviation on intensity, hue and a number of edge pixels, are extracted to supply as input parameters to coarse segmentation using FCM clustering method. The first result is then fine-tuned with morphological techniques. The detection results are validated by comparing with expert ophthalmologists' hand-drawn ground-truths. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and accuracy are used to evaluate overall performance. It is found that the proposed method detects exudates successfully with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, PLR and accuracy of 87.28%, 99.24%, 42.77%, 224.26 and 99.11%, respectively.

References

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Citations

Jul 31, 2013·Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics : the Official Journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society·Sharib AliFabrice Mériaudeau
Dec 3, 2013·Computers in Biology and Medicine·Muthu Rama Krishnan MookiahAugustinus Laude
Dec 4, 2009·Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics : the Official Journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society·Daniel WelferDiane Ruschel Marinho
Sep 26, 2014·Computers in Biology and Medicine·Balazs Harangi, Andras Hajdu
Aug 2, 2015·Computers in Biology and Medicine·Syed Ali Gohar NaqviIhsan ul Haq
Jun 28, 2014·Medical Image Analysis·Xiwei ZhangAli Erginay
Apr 5, 2015·Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics : the Official Journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society·R A WelikalaS A Barman
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May 7, 2021·International Journal of Biomedical Imaging·Abubakar M AshirMohammed S Anwar
Mar 7, 2020··Quang H. NguyenRamasamy Muthuraman

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
feature extraction

Software Mentioned

MATLAB

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