Autophagy Regulates Fungal Virulence and Sexual Reproduction in Cryptococcus neoformans

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Su-Ting JiangTong-Bao Liu

Abstract

Autophagy (macroautophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway involved in bulk degradation of cytoplasmic organelles, old protein, and other macromolecules and nutrient recycling during starvation. Extensive studies on functions of autophagy-related genes have revealed that autophagy plays a role in cell differentiation and pathogenesis of pathogenic fungi. In this study, we identified and characterized 14 core autophagy machinery genes (ATGs) in C. neoformans. To understand the function of autophagy in virulence and fungal development in C. neoformans, we knocked out the 14 ATGs in both α and a mating type strain backgrounds in C. neoformans, respectively, by using biolistic transformation and in vivo homologous recombination. Fungal virulence assay showed that virulence of each atgΔ mutants was attenuated in a murine inhalation systemic-infection model, although virulence factor production was not dramatically impaired in vitro. Fungal mating assays showed that all the 14 ATGs are essential for fungal sexual reproduction as basidiospore production was blocked in bilateral mating between each atgΔ mutants. Fungal nuclei development assay showed that nuclei in the bilateral mating of each atgΔ mutants failed to ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 26, 2020·Journal of Fungi·Raful Navarro-EspíndolaLeonardo Peraza-Reyes

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
gene
light microscopy
fluorescence microscopy

Software Mentioned

GraphPad
PRISM
BLASTp

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