Averaging auditory evoked magnetoencephalographic and electroencephalographic responses: a critical discussion

The European Journal of Neuroscience
Reinhard KönigPeter Heil

Abstract

In the analysis of data from magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), it is common practice to arithmetically average event-related magnetic fields (ERFs) or event-related electric potentials (ERPs) across single trials and subsequently across subjects to obtain the so-called grand mean. Comparisons of grand means, e.g. between conditions, are then often performed by subtraction. These operations, and their statistical evaluation with parametric tests such as ANOVA, tacitly rely on the assumption that the data follow the additive model, have a normal distribution, and have a homogeneous variance. This may be true for single trials, but these conditions are rarely met when ERFs/ERPs are compared between subjects, meaning that the additive model is seldom the correct model for computing grand mean waveforms. Here, we summarize some of our recent work and present new evidence, from auditory-evoked MEG and EEG results, that the non-normal distributions and the heteroscedasticity observed instead result because ERFs/ERPs follow a mixed model with additive and multiplicative components. For peak amplitudes, such as the auditory M100 and N100, the multiplicative component dominates. These findings emphasize that ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 19, 2016·Journal of Neuroscience Methods·Elvis Wianda, Bernhard Ross
Sep 19, 2019·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Alexis D J MakinMarco Bertamini
Nov 10, 2020·Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·Vladimir Shvarts, Jyrki P Mäkelä

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