Avian influenza - diagnosis

Zoonoses and Public Health
Dennis J Alexander

Abstract

The diagnosis of avian influenza (AI) virus infections, even highly pathogenic AI (HPAI), represents a considerable challenge due to the lack of pathognomonic or specific clinical signs and their variation in different avian hosts plus the marked antigenic variation amongst influenza A viruses. Conventional laboratory techniques involve the isolation, identification and characterization (including virulence estimates) of the virus. While this has proven successful in the past and remains the method of choice, for at least the initial outbreak, the delays associated with conventional diagnosis are often considered unacceptable for the application of control measures, especially stamping out policies, and there is an overwhelming demand for rapid results. More and more, molecular biological techniques are being used and in particular reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR technologies are being employed for rapid diagnosis. In this paper, clinical signs, the molecular basis for virulence of AI viruses, international definitions, conventional diagnosis and the use of molecular techniques are reviewed and discussed.

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Citations

Jul 31, 2010·Epidemiology and Infection·L BusaniS Marangon
Oct 15, 2010·Epidemiology and Infection·K S HarkerG K Adak
Dec 15, 2010·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Yi-Lun TsaiChao-Chin Chang
Feb 21, 2013·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Yonas MeheretuJoëlle Goüy de Bellocq
May 12, 2010·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Ruixue Wang, Jeffery K Taubenberger
Jun 15, 2012·Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses·Arianna CominStefano Marangon
Jan 14, 2012·Biotechnology Journal·Hsiao-Fen Grace ChangChien-Chung Jeng
Nov 5, 2013·Journal of Virological Methods·Maia ElizaldeJovita Fernández-Pinero
Jan 23, 2010·Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc·Alexander PostelTimm Harder
Sep 10, 2009·Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc·Qimeng TaoHualan Chen

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