Avian poxvirus infection in a white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Japan

Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A
Keisuke SaitoTokuma Yanai

Abstract

An adult female white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), over 12 years old, was found moribund and sent to the Wildlife Rescue Center in Kushiro, Japan. Grossly, the bird had multifocal yellow to black nodules in the beak, tongue, mucosa of the oral cavity, eyelids, and legs. Histologically, the cutaneous nodules revealed severe epidermal hyperplasia. The thickened epithelium, from prickle cell layer to horny layer, consisted of swollen keratinocytes containing frequent eosinophilic intra-cytoplasmic inclusions, Bollinger bodies. Ultrastructurally, the epidermal cells had cytoplasmic viral particles with characteristics of poxvirus. Furthermore, the 4b core gene sequence of an avian poxvirus was detected in a DNA sample prepared from the nodular lesions by polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequence of the polymerase chain reaction product showed 78 to 95% similarities to the sequences of other avian poxviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequence is clustered in clade A but distant from all the subclades previously reported. The results imply that it is a novel avian poxvirus. To our knowledge this is the first report of avian poxvirus infection in white-tailed sea eagles.

References

Oct 27, 1973·The Veterinary Record·J B DixonJ C Greatorex
Mar 10, 2006·Molekuliarnaia biologiia·I V Babkin, S N Shchelkunov
May 17, 2008·Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A·N J SchoemakerJ T Lumeij
Feb 1, 2001·Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A·M HernandezM Pizarro
Oct 1, 1999·Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A·A L BolteE F Kaleta

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Citations

Feb 5, 2011·Virology Journal·Simon C Weli, Morten Tryland
Feb 8, 2014·Journal of Wildlife Diseases·Loreto A GodoyHolly B Ernest
Jan 5, 2019·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Keisuke SaitoTokuma Yanai
Oct 7, 2018·Archives of Virology·Cristina E Di FrancescoFulvio Marsilio
May 8, 2020·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Takumi KuriharaTokuma Yanai

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

Genetyx
CLUSTAL W
Mac
BLAST
search
Njplot

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