AXL as a Target in Breast Cancer Therapy

Journal of Oncology
Sierra A Colavito

Abstract

AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that has been implicated in diverse tumor-promoting processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, survival, and apoptosis. AXL therefore plays a role in cancer progression, and AXL has been implicated in a wide variety of malignancies from solid tumors to hematopoietic cancers where it is often associated with poor prognosis. In cancer, AXL has been shown to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis formation, drug resistance, and a role for AXL in modulation of the tumor microenvironment and immune response has been identified. In light of these activities multiple AXL inhibitors have been developed, and several of these have entered clinical trials in the U.S. In breast cancer, high levels of AXL expression have been observed. The role of AXL in cancer with a focus on therapeutic implications for breast cancer is discussed.

References

Mar 1, 1988·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·E LiuJ M Bishop
Feb 1, 1995·Molecular and Cellular Biology·P BellostaC Basilico
Aug 4, 2001·Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·G BerclazA C Andres
Dec 10, 2002·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Sassan HafiziBjörn Dahlbäck
Jun 17, 2005·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Paloma Valverde
Jun 2, 2006·Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews·Sassan Hafizi, Björn Dahlbäck
Mar 15, 2008·Cancer Research·Yi-Xiang ZhangAxel Ullrich
Jan 19, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Christine GjerdrumJames B Lorens
Feb 11, 2010·Molecular Cancer Research : MCR·Giridhar MudduluruHeike Allgayer
Aug 5, 2011·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·Mark MackiewiczNatasha J Caplen
Jan 17, 2012·ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters·Alexis MollardDavid J Bearss
Feb 14, 2012·The EMBO Journal·Guo-Xiang Ruan, Andrius Kazlauskas
Sep 25, 2012·Nature·UNKNOWN Cancer Genome Atlas Network
Oct 24, 2012·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Lauren Averett ByersJohn V Heymach
Nov 3, 2012·Cancer Research·Jun HongAbbes Belkhiri
Apr 4, 2013·Science Signaling·Jianjiong GaoNikolaus Schultz
May 8, 2013·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Smita Salian-MehtaMargaret E Wierman
Oct 31, 2013·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Philip D DunneSandra Van Schaeybroeck
May 28, 2014·Neoplasia : an International Journal for Oncology Research·Robert TorkaAxel Ullrich
Jun 7, 2014·Journal of Clinical Pathology·Timothy M D'AlfonsoSandra J Shin
Jun 26, 2014·Tumour Biology : the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine·Dongliang RenYongfu Zhao
Aug 16, 2014·Cancer Research·Catherine WilsonJeff Settleman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 4, 2020·Journal of Personalized Medicine·Marta Ávalos-MorenoSergio Granados-Principal
Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Vignesh SivaganeshBela Peethambaran
Aug 18, 2021·The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology·Lohit Khera, Sima Lev

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
protein array
glycosylation
ChIP-seq
histone acetylation
xenografts
biopsies
xenograft
biopsy

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT03795142

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis

Cell Migration in Cancer and Metastasis

Migration of cancer cells into surrounding tissue and the vasculature is an initial step in tumor metastasis. Discover the latest research on cell migration in cancer and metastasis here.

Cell Signaling by Tyrosine Kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. RTKs have been shown not only to be key regulators of normal cellular processes but also to have a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer. Discover the latest research on cell signaling and RTK here.

Apoptosis in Cancer

Apoptosis is an important mechanism in cancer. By evading apoptosis, tumors can continue to grow without regulation and metastasize systemically. Many therapies are evaluating the use of pro-apoptotic activation to eliminate cancer growth. Here is the latest research on apoptosis in cancer.

Cell Migration

Cell migration is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development, cancer metastasis, blood vessel formation and remoulding, tissue regeneration, immune surveillance and inflammation. Here is the latest research.

Breast Cancer: Chemo-Resistance

Some cancers are difficult to treat and aggressive including the "triple-negative" breast cancer. This type of cancer is chemoresistant even before chemotherapy begins. Here are the latest discoveries chemo-resistance in breast cancer.