Axon reflexes or ephaptic responses simulating blink reflex R1 after XII-VII nerve anastomosis

Muscle & Nerve
J MonteroL Montserrat

Abstract

It has been claimed that functional recovery of the blink reflex occurs after hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis. This has been explained through central nervous system plasticity and reorganization of neuronal connections. In 5 patients with reinnervated facial muscles after hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis we observed "R1-like" responses that fulfilled criteria for facial nerve axon reflexes or ephapses. First, displacement of the stimulating electrode from the supraorbital to zygomatic area shortened the latency of the evoked response. Second, these responses were stable (jitter mean consecutive difference < 25 microsec) and they had complex potential shapes unmodified by high-frequency stimulation. Finally, collision techniques demonstrated antidromic conduction of impulses in the facial nerve from supraorbital to zygomatic points. Therefore, these "R1-like" responses are not the early component of a functionally recovered blink reflex but motor axon reflexes or ephaptic responses similar to the short latency responses observed following facial nerve regeneration or from sutured nerves in human forearms.

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Citations

Feb 12, 2002·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Josep Valls-Solé
Dec 16, 2003·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Josep Valls-Solé, Jordi Montero
Apr 10, 2009·AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology·E PedullàP Cascone
Nov 25, 2005·Muscle & Nerve·Isabelle BernatFrédéric Tankéré
Apr 9, 2020·European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·Hakan TutarRecep Karamert
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Dec 13, 2002·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·A GruartJ M Delgado-García
Dec 6, 2003·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Agnès GruartJosé M Delgado-García

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