Bacteremic Pneumonia before and after Withdrawal of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine from a Public Vaccination Program in Spain: A Case-Control Study

The Journal of Pediatrics
Alfredo TagarroBacteremia in Children Observation Program (BACO) Group

Abstract

To compare the incidence and epidemiology of bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the setting of changes in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) coverage. In the region of Madrid, universal immunization with the PCV13 started in May 2010. In July 2012, public funding ceased. Vaccination coverage decreased from >95% to 82% in 2013 and to 67% in 2014. We performed a multicenter surveillance and case-control study from 2009-2014. Cases were hospitalized children with bacteremic CAP. Controls were children selected 1:1 from next-admitted with negative blood cultures and typical, presumed bacterial CAP. Annual incidence of bacteremic CAP declined from 7.9/100,000 children (95% CI 5.1-11.1) in 2009 to 2.1/100,000 children (95% CI 1.1-4.1) in 2012. In 2014, 2 years after PCV13 was withdrawn from the universal vaccination program, the incidence of bacteremic CAP increased to 5.4/100,000 children (95% CI 3.5-8.4). We enrolled 113 cases and 113 controls. Streptococcus pneumoniae caused most of bloodstream infections (78%). Empyema was associated with bacteremia (P = .003, OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.4-8.9). Simple parapneumonic effusion was not associated with bacteremia. Incomplete PCV immunization was not a risk factor for...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 23, 2018·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Helen Petousis-HarrisJennifer Griffin
Jul 20, 2016·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·Alfredo TagarroUNKNOWN BACO Group
Nov 26, 2016·European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·N BuettiUNKNOWN Swiss Centre for Antibiotic resistance (ANRESIS)
Feb 16, 2017·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Liset OlarteSheldon L Kaplan
Apr 6, 2021·Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy : Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy·Shogo AkahoshiHiroshi Hataya

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