Bacterial-based additives for the production of artificial snow: what are the risks to human health?

The Science of the Total Environment
A LagriffoulS Zini

Abstract

For around two decades, artificial snow has been used by numerous winter sports resorts to ensure good snow cover at low altitude areas or more generally, to lengthen the skiing season. Biological additives derived from certain bacteria are regularly used to make artificial snow. However, the use of these additives has raised doubts concerning the potential impact on human health and the environment. In this context, the French health authorities have requested the French Agency for Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Afsset) to assess the health risks resulting from the use of such additives. The health risk assessment was based on a review of the scientific literature, supplemented by professional consultations and expertise. Biological or chemical hazards from additives derived from the ice nucleation active bacterium Pseudomonas syringae were characterised. Potential health hazards to humans were considered in terms of infectious, toxic and allergenic capacities with respect to human populations liable to be exposed and the means of possible exposure. Taking into account these data, a qualitative risk assessment was carried out, according to four exposure scenarios, involving the different populations exposed, and...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 13, 2013·Biotechnology Advances·Petr Tarkowski, Danny Vereecke
Jul 4, 2021·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·E LagrangeP S Spencer
Aug 25, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Philipp BalohHinrich Grothe

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