PMID: 7021551Aug 25, 1981Paper

Bacterial cell envelopes with functional flagella.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
M Eisenbach, J Adler

Abstract

Our aim was to isolate from bacteria a flagellated, subcellular system whose content could be changed at will. Because the control of bacterial chemotaxis resides in the direction of rotation of the flagella, such a system would be ideal for the study of this control mechanism. By incubating bacteria with penicillin and then lysing them osmotically, we were able to isolate cell envelopes from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. These envelopes have the same sidedness and similar shape and dimensions as the original bacteria; they are practically free of cytoplasm; they are osmotically sensitive, having intact the cytoplasmic membrane and at least part of the cell wall; and they have flagella. This preparation was used to find out what is required to restore flagellar rotation, which had been lost during osmotic lysis. By visualizing the image of individual flagella with high intensity light microscopy or by tethering the cell envelopes, we found that adding artificial electron donors as an energy source is enough to restore rotation. This seems to indicate that no cytoplasmic components are required and that the proton electrochemical potential is indeed the driving force for flagellar rotation. However, the rotation w...Continue Reading

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