Bacterial infections and hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis-prophylaxis and treatment

Advances in Medical Sciences
Damian Piotrowski, Anna Boroń-Kaczmarska

Abstract

Infections are common among patients with liver cirrhosis. They occur more often in cirrhotic patient groups than in the general population and result in higher mortality. One reason for this phenomenon is bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen that occurs as a consequence of intestinal bacterial overgrowth, increased permeability and decreased motility. The most common infections in cirrhotic patients are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and urinary tract infections, followed by pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth is also responsible for hyperammonemia, which leads to hepatic encephalopathy. All of these complications make this group of patients at high risk for mortality. The role of antibiotics in liver cirrhosis is to treat and in some cases to prevent the development of infectious complications. Based on our current knowledge, antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered to patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage, low ascitic fluid protein concentration combined with liver or renal failure, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis as a secondary prophylaxis, as well as after hepatic encephalopathy episodes (also as a secondary prophylaxis). In some cases, the use of non-a...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 16, 2019·Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Antonio FacciorussoRodolfo Sacco
Jan 10, 2020·Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology·Victoria JaegerMatthew McMillin
Mar 12, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Damian PiotrowskiAnna Boroń-Kaczmarska
Oct 31, 2020·Clinical Spine Surgery : a Spine Publication·Amir TareeSamuel K Cho

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