Bacterial LPX motif-harboring virulence factors constitute a species-spanning family of cell-penetrating effectors
Abstract
Effector proteins are key virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria that target and subvert the functions of essential host defense mechanisms. Typically, these proteins are delivered into infected host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). Recently, however, several effector proteins have been found to enter host cells in a T3SS-independent manner thereby widening the potential range of these virulence factors. Prototypes of such bacteria-derived cell-penetrating effectors (CPEs) are the Yersinia enterocolitica-derived YopM as well as the Salmonella typhimurium effector SspH1. Here, we investigated specifically the group of bacterial LPX effector proteins comprising the Shigella IpaH proteins, which constitute a subtype of the leucine-rich repeat protein family and share significant homologies in sequence and structure. With particular emphasis on the Shigella-effector IpaH9.8, uptake into eukaryotic cell lines was shown. Recombinant IpaH9.8 (rIpaH9.8) is internalized via endocytic mechanisms and follows the endo-lysosomal pathway before escaping into the cytosol. The N-terminal alpha-helical domain of IpaH9.8 was identified as the protein transduction domain required for its CPE ability as well as for being able to d...Continue Reading
References
Citations
Methods Mentioned
Software Mentioned
Related Concepts
Related Feeds
Bacterial Protein Structures
Bacterial protein structures can expedite the development of novel antibiotics. Here is the latest research on bacterial proteins and the resolution of their structures.
Bacterial Protein Structures (ASM)
Bacterial protein structures can expedite the development of novel antibiotics. Here is the latest research on bacterial proteins and the resolution of their structures.