Bacterial Silver Resistance Gained by Cooperative Interspecies Redox Behavior

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Michael Muller

Abstract

Silver has emerged as an important therapeutic option for wound infections in recent years due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The silver cation (Ag+), but not the bulk metal (Ag0), is highly toxic for most microorganisms, although resistance due to genetic modification or horizontal gene transfer does occur. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however, achieves silver resistance by producing the redox-active metabolite pyocyanin that reduces Ag+ to nontoxic Ag0 Pyocyanin also possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Many microbial species reduce pyocyanin, which reduces molecular oxygen to antimicrobial hydrogen peroxide. In this study, it was hypothesized that both Ag+ and oxygen would act as competing terminal electron acceptors for pyocyanin, thus acting as a universal microbial protectant from Ag+ while avoiding hydrogen peroxide formation. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus efficiently reduced pyocyanin and generated hydrogen peroxide, while Ag+ markedly reduced the amount of hydrogen peroxide produced. Although unable to reduce directly Ag+ to Ag0 on their own, E. coli and S. aureus did so when pyocyanin was present, resulting in increased survival when exposed to Ag+ Coincubation experiments with eithe...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 18, 2018·International Wound Journal·Emma J Woodmansey, Christopher D Roberts
Sep 13, 2019·Journal of Wound Care·Mark G RipponSamantha Westgate
Dec 19, 2019·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·I A J van HengelA A Zadpoor
Apr 14, 2020·International Journal of Nanomedicine·Alexandru-Flaviu TăbăranLucian Mocan
Feb 14, 2021·Biology·Xinzhen FanEdward Sacher
Feb 13, 2021·Antibiotics·Joana P CostaM Fernanda N N Carvalho
Nov 12, 2020·ACS Sensors·Olja SimoskaKeith J Stevenson

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