Bacterial steroid hydroxylases: enzyme classes, their functions and comparison of their catalytic mechanisms

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Maciej SzaleniecMarina Donova

Abstract

The steroid superfamily includes a wide range of compounds that are essential for living organisms of the animal and plant kingdoms. Structural modifications of steroids highly affect their biological activity. In this review, we focus on hydroxylation of steroids by bacterial hydroxylases, which take part in steroid catabolic pathways and play an important role in steroid degradation. We compare three distinct classes of metalloenzymes responsible for aerobic or anaerobic hydroxylation of steroids, namely: cytochrome P450, Rieske-type monooxygenase 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase, and molybdenum-containing steroid C25 dehydrogenases. We analyze the available literature data on reactivity, regioselectivity, and potential application of these enzymes in organic synthesis of hydroxysteroids. Moreover, we describe mechanistic hypotheses proposed for all three classes of enzymes along with experimental and theoretical evidences, which have provided grounds for their formulation. In case of the 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase, such a mechanistic hypothesis is formulated for the first time in the literature based on studies conducted for other Rieske monooxygenases. Finally, we provide comparative analysis of similarities and differences i...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 7, 2018·Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology·Natalia PutkaradzeRita Bernhardt
Nov 30, 2019·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Dandan TangZhinan Xu
Aug 23, 2019·World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology·Victoria GiorgiCarlos García-Carnelli
Jan 30, 2020·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Amit PratushZhong Hu
Feb 11, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Erin A Yamamoto, Trine N Jørgensen
May 7, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Zhiming XuGuofu Pi
Jul 28, 2020·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Valentina StacchiottiFrancesco Galli
Jul 22, 2019·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Wei LuDunming Zhu
Mar 5, 2021·Microbial Biotechnology·Carmen Felpeto-SanteroJosé Luis García
May 16, 2020·Trends in Biochemical Sciences·Giovanna Di Nardo, Gianfranco Gilardi
Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Cristiano PagniniBruno Lagana
May 1, 2021·Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology·Hans Renata
May 22, 2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Riya RajeevJoseph Selvin
Jun 19, 2021·Chemical Society Reviews·Dong YiUwe T Bornscheuer
Aug 8, 2021·Microorganisms·Carmen Felpeto-SanteroJosé Luis García

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
biosensor

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