Bacteriophage Enumeration and Detection Methods

Frontiers in Microbiology
Norbert ÁcsLone Brøndsted

Abstract

Application of phages as alternative antimicrobials to combat pathogenic bacteria and their association to a healthy gut microbiome has prompted a need for precise methods for detection and enumeration of phage particles. There are many applicable methods, but care should be taken considering the measured object (infectious phage, whole phage particle or nucleic acid and proteins) and the concept behind the technique to avoid misinterpretations. While molecular methods cannot discriminate between viable and non-infectious phages, the traditional techniques for counting infectious phages can be time consuming and poorly reproducible. Here, we describe the methods currently used for phage detection and enumeration and highlight their advantages as well as their limitations. Finally, we provide insight on how to deal with complex samples, as well as future prospects in the field of phage quantification.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Transmission
flow cytometry
dynamic light scattering
PCR
PMA
reverse transcription PCR
Illumina sequencing

Software Mentioned

Virsorter

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