PMID: 9161362May 1, 1997Paper

Balance and vertical impact in sports: role of shoe sole materials

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
S Robbins, E Waked

Abstract

Athletic shoes and mats are support surface interfaces composed of relatively soft compressible materials designed to protect against injuries occurring in sports through force of vertical impact. Impact remains high with their use because humans land harder with them. We hypothesize that this hard-landing strategy is an attempt by the user to improve stability, by compressing the material to a less destabilizing thinner-stiff variety. We tested this hypothesis by comparing impact and balance on materials consisting of ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA) foams of varying stiffness, identical to that found in soles of athletic footwear. Randomized-order, crossover trial, controlled comparison, blinded. Volunteers were selected from the general community. A random sample of 12 healthy men from the general population (mean age 30 years, SD +/- 6). Additional selection criteria were absence of disabilities influencing ability to walk, run, and balance, and no history of frequent falls. Impact testing and stability measures were performed on the same test day. Ground reaction forces were measured for ten barefoot footfalls. The protocol required stepping forward from perch to surface 4.5 cm below. Stability testing was performed with one-legg...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 16, 1998·British Journal of Sports Medicine·S Robbins, E Waked
Apr 10, 2013·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Brian NoehrenChristian Lattermann
Mar 7, 2014·Clinical Interventions in Aging·Tzu-Hsuan ChenMu-Jung Kao
Feb 4, 2011·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·Michelle DrakeRobert E Boyles
Jul 12, 2003·Gait & Posture·Hylton B MenzRichard C Fitzpatrick
Apr 13, 2010·Physical Therapy in Sport : Official Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine·Christopher C SoleS John Sullivan
Apr 22, 2015·Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies·Matt Wallden
Sep 21, 2013·Journal of Sports Sciences·Paddy C DempseyNancy J Rehrer
May 24, 2016·European Journal of Sport Science·Alexis HerbautEmilie Simoneau-Buessinger
Oct 28, 2016·Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport·Alycia Fong YanPeter J Sinclair
Nov 9, 2014·Foot & Ankle Specialist·Razieh TahmasebiFrancis Fatoye
Jan 26, 2016·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Adam J BerronesMichael Whitehurst
May 18, 2007·Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association·Rebecca L Jessup
Jan 16, 2007·Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association·Douglas H Richie
Apr 25, 2001·Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association·M L Percy, H B Menz
May 22, 2018·Prosthetics and Orthotics International·Mitchell Farrar, Emma Thomas
Jul 23, 1999·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·B M NiggD J Stefanyshyn
Nov 11, 1998·Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·S RobbinsN Krouglicof
Jun 3, 2020·International Journal of Sports Medicine·Jian-Zhi LinHeng-Ju Lee

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