Bartter/Gitelman syndromes as a model to study systemic oxidative stress in humans

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
G MaiolinoLorenzo A Calò

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intermediates in reduction-oxidation reactions that begin with the addition of one electron to molecular oxygen, generating the primary ROS superoxide, which in turn interacts with other molecules to produce secondary ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and peroxynitrite. ROS are continuously produced during metabolic processes and are deemed to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, namely, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and atherosclerosis, via oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoactive agent that also exerts mitogenic, proinflammatory, and profibrotic effects through several signaling pathways, in part involving ROS, particularly superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, Ang II stimulates NADPH oxidases, leading to higher ROS generation and oxidative stress. Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients, despite elevated plasma renin activity, Ang II, and aldosterone levels, exhibit reduced peripheral resistance, normal/low blood pressure, and blunted pressor effect of vasoconstrictors. In addition, notwithstanding the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and the increased plasma levels of Ang II...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 5, 2015·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Giuseppe Valacchi, Albert van der Vliet
Jul 15, 2015·International Journal of Cardiology·Lorenzo A Calò, Giuseppe Maiolino
Mar 27, 2016·International Journal of Cardiology·Giuseppe MaiolinoLorenzo A Calò
Aug 24, 2018·Journal of Endocrinological Investigation·V RavarottoL A Calò
Mar 30, 2017·Journal of Hypertension·Lorenzo A CalòMarianna Alessi

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