Basic Conditional Reasoning: How Children Mimic Counterfactual Reasoning

Studia Logica
Brian LeahyJosef Perner

Abstract

Children approach counterfactual questions about stories with a reasoning strategy that falls short of adults' Counterfactual Reasoning (CFR). It was dubbed "Basic Conditional Reasoning" (BCR) in Rafetseder et al. (Child Dev 81(1):376-389, 2010). In this paper we provide a characterisation of the differences between BCR and CFR using a distinction between permanent and nonpermanent features of stories and Lewis/Stalnaker counterfactual logic. The critical difference pertains to how consistency between a story and a conditional antecedent incompatible with a nonpermanent feature of the story is achieved. Basic conditional reasoners simply drop all nonpermanent features of the story. Counterfactual reasoners preserve as much of the story as possible while accommodating the antecedent.

References

Dec 1, 1996·Cognition·P L HarrisP Mills
Nov 14, 2002·Developmental Psychology·Michelle A HollanderJon Star
Mar 17, 2009·Trends in Cognitive Sciences·Gergely Csibra, György Gergely
Mar 25, 2010·Child Development·Eva RafetsederJosef Perner
Jan 1, 2008·Language Learning and Development : the Official Journal of the Society for Language Development·Susan A GelmanJonathan Flukes
Jan 10, 2012·Cognitive Psychology·Sarah-Jane Leslie, Susan A Gelman
Dec 12, 2012·Journal of Experimental Child Psychology·Eva RafetsederJosef Perner

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Citations

Mar 7, 2014·Child Development Perspectives·Eva Rafetseder, Josef Perner
Jul 25, 2019·Behavioural Brain Research·Shalini GautamJonathan Redshaw
Dec 20, 2020·Journal of Experimental Child Psychology·Eva RafetsederJosef Perner
Dec 25, 2019·Trends in Cognitive Sciences·Jonathan Redshaw, Thomas Suddendorf
Nov 11, 2018·Cognition·Angela Nyhout, Patricia A Ganea

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