PMID: 11344008May 10, 2001Paper

Basic design and construction of the Vienna FES implants: existing solutions and prospects for new generations of implants

Medical Engineering & Physics
W MayrH Lanmüller

Abstract

We can distinguish 3 generations of FES implants for activation of neural structures: 1. RF-powered implants with antenna displacement dependent stimulation amplitude; 2. RF-powered implants with stabilised stimulation amplitude; and 3. battery powered implants. In Vienna an 8-channel version of the second generation type has been applied clinically to mobilisation of paraplegics and phrenic pacing. A 20-channel implant of the second generation type for mobilisation of paraplegics and an 8-channel implant of the third generation type for cardiac assist have been tested in animal studies. A device of completely new design for direct stimulation of denervated muscles is being tested in animal studies. There is a limited choice of technologically suitable biocompatible and bioresistant materials for implants. The physical design has to be anatomically shaped without corners or edges. Electrical conductors carrying direct current (D.C.) have to be placed inside a hermetic metal case. The established sealing materials, silicone rubber and epoxy resin, do not provide hermeticity and should only embed DC-free components. For electrical connections outside the hermetic metal case welding is preferable to soldering; conductive adhesives...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 1, 2005·Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing·H LanmüllerS Salmons
Nov 29, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Simona BoncompagniFeliciano Protasi
May 6, 2006·Medical Engineering & Physics·Ehsan JalilianMartin P Mintchev
Jul 16, 2011·Neurological Research·Paolo GargiuloUgo Carraro
Jul 12, 2005·Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering·P Hunter Peckham, Jayme S Knutson
Mar 8, 2019·The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology·David M OttenJames T Heaton
Apr 16, 2019·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Nuno R B MartinsRobert A Freitas
Mar 8, 2019·The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology·James T HeatonSteven M Zeitels

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