BCI training to move a virtual hand reduces phantom limb pain: A randomized crossover trial

Neurology
Takufumi YanagisawaYouichi Saitoh

Abstract

To determine whether training with a brain-computer interface (BCI) to control an image of a phantom hand, which moves based on cortical currents estimated from magnetoencephalographic signals, reduces phantom limb pain. Twelve patients with chronic phantom limb pain of the upper limb due to amputation or brachial plexus root avulsion participated in a randomized single-blinded crossover trial. Patients were trained to move the virtual hand image controlled by the BCI with a real decoder, which was constructed to classify intact hand movements from motor cortical currents, by moving their phantom hands for 3 days ("real training"). Pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after training, and at follow-up for an additional 16 days. As a control, patients engaged in the training with the same hand image controlled by randomly changing values ("random training"). The 2 trainings were randomly assigned to the patients. This trial is registered at UMIN-CTR (UMIN000013608). VAS at day 4 was significantly reduced from the baseline after real training (mean [SD], 45.3 [24.2]-30.9 [20.6], 1/100 mm; p = 0.009 < 0.025), but not after random training (p = 0.047 > 0.025). Compared to VAS at day 1, VAS at days 4 and ...Continue Reading

References

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
amputation

Software Mentioned

Freesurfer
Dryad
FastSCAN
MATLAB

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