PMID: 9168269May 1, 1997Paper

Behavioral functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine: empirical and conceptual problems with the anhedonia hypothesis

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
John D SalamoneB J Snyder

Abstract

Nucleus accumbens (DA) has been implicated in a number of different behavioral functions, but most commonly it is said to be involved in "reward" or "reinforcement". In the present article, the putative reinforcement functions of accumbens DA are summarized in a manner described as the "General Anhedonia Model". According to this model, the DA innervation of the nucleus accumbens is conceived of as a crucial link in the "reward system", which evolved to mediate the reinforcing effects of natural stimuli such as food. The reward system is said to be activated by natural reinforcing stimuli, and this activation mediates the reinforcing effects of these natural stimuli. According to this view, other stimuli such as brain stimulation and drugs can activate this system, which leads to these stimuli being reinforcing as well. Interference with DA systems is said to blunt the reinforcing effects of these rewarding stimuli, leading to "extinction". This general model of the behavioral functions of accumbens DA is utilized widely as a theoretical framework for integrating research findings. Nevertheless, there are several difficulties with the General Anhedonia Model. Several studies have observed substantial differences between the eff...Continue Reading

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