Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Regulatory T Cells in Neurotropic Virus Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Malgorzata CiurkiewiczAndreas Beineke

Abstract

Neurotropic viruses infect the central nervous system (CNS) and cause acute or chronic neurologic disabilities. Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role for immune homeostasis, but may inhibit pathogen-specific immunity in infectious disorders. The present review summarizes the current knowledge about Treg in human CNS infections and their animal models. Besides dampening pathogen-induced immunopathology, Treg have the ability to facilitate protective responses by supporting effector T cell trafficking to the infection site and the development of resident memory T cells. Moreover, Treg can reduce virus replication by inducing apoptosis of infected macrophages and attenuate neurotoxic astrogliosis and pro-inflammatory microglial responses. By contrast, detrimental effects of Treg are caused by suppression of antiviral immunity, allowing for virus persistence and latency. Opposing disease outcomes following Treg manipulation in different models might be attributed to differences in technique and timing of intervention, infection route, genetic background, and the host's age. In addition, mouse models of virus-induced demyelination revealed that Treg are able to reduce autoimmunity and immune-mediated CNS damage in a disease...Continue Reading

References

Dec 2, 1972·Lancet·V ter MeulenR Meyermann
Jun 1, 1995·Annals of Neurology·C Amlie-LefondD H Gilden
Sep 1, 1996·Human Pathology·B K Kleinschmidt-DeMastersD H Gilden
Dec 10, 1999·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·A BitnunR Tellier
Aug 13, 2002·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Tsuneo MorishimaUNKNOWN Collaborative Study Group on Influenza-Associated Encephalopathy in Japan
Nov 14, 2002·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jonathan KipnisMichal Schwartz
Jan 31, 2003·Acta Neuropathologica·Yoshiko NakaiSachio Takashima
Oct 1, 1955·The Journal of Pediatrics·W L DONOHUEL WHITAKER
Jun 9, 2004·Glia·Vladimir TrajkovicMarija Mostarica Stojkovic
Oct 21, 2004·Journal of Clinical Virology : the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·Hema KapoorJeffrey P Massey
Mar 24, 2005·Nature Immunology·Yasmine Belkaid, Barry T Rouse
Aug 17, 2005·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Edward B HayesGrant L Campbell
Oct 18, 2005·Nature Immunology·Jason D FontenotAlexander Y Rudensky
Mar 7, 2006·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Adam P KohmStephen D Miller
Apr 25, 2006·Nature Medicine·Yawei LiuShohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
Jun 9, 2006·The Journal of General Virology·S SchubertJ Schneider-Schaulies
Dec 1, 2006·Nature Immunology·Jeong M KimAlexander Y Rudensky
Jan 4, 2007·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Katharina LahlTim Sparwasser
Apr 25, 2007·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Kerstin LühnSarah Rowland-Jones
Jul 10, 2007·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Richard A O'ConnorStephen M Anderton
Nov 29, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Machteld M TiemessenLeonie S Taams
Jan 23, 2008·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Marian A FernandezCheryl A Jones
Apr 26, 2008·Science·Jennifer M LundAlexander Y Rudensky
May 31, 2008·Cell·Shimon SakaguchiMasahiro Ono
Jun 21, 2008·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Dario A A VignaliCreg J Workman
Jun 26, 2008·Nature Clinical Practice. Neurology·Alla L Zozulya, Heinz Wiendl
Nov 5, 2008·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Xue-lian YuReena Ghildyal
Jan 15, 2009·Virology·Daniela AnghelinaStanley Perlman
Mar 7, 2009·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Jianuo LiuHoward E Gendelman
Mar 21, 2009·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Ashley D ReynoldsHoward E Gendelman
Mar 24, 2009·Annual Review of Immunology·Yasmine Belkaid, Kristin Tarbell
Mar 24, 2009·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Patricia A Sheridan, Melinda A Beck
May 13, 2009·Journal of Proteome Research·Ashley D ReynoldsHoward E Gendelman
Jul 29, 2009·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Abi G AleyasSeong Kug Eo
Oct 27, 2009·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Marion C LanteriPhilip J Norris

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 28, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Raquel Bello-MoralesJosé Antonio López-Guerrero
Sep 25, 2020·Viruses·Huiming CaiQinchang Zhu
Jan 17, 2021·Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·Lucía Martínez Cuesta, Sandra Elizabeth Pérez
Mar 23, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Holger A LindnerThomas Kirschning

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.