Betalains, the nature-inspired pigments, in health and diseases

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
Parisa RahimiAlireza Ostadrahimi

Abstract

Betalains are unique nitrogen-containing pigments found exclusively in families of the Caryophyllales order and some higher order fungi, where they replace anthocyanin pigments. Betalains, consisting of betacyanins and betaxanthins are generally used as color additives in food. This review discusses on the favorable effects of acute and chronic consumption of betalains, whose edible sources consist primarily of red beetroots (Beta vulgaris) and prickly pears (fruit of the Opuntia genus of cacti). Moreover, it encompasses in vivo and in vitro studies about the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of betanin and indicaxanthin. It seems that treatment with betalains and betalain-rich diets is not only nontoxic but could also prove to be a promising alternative to supplement therapies in oxidative stress-, inflammation-, and dyslipidemia-related diseases such as stenosis of the arteries, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cancer, among others. Due to its toxicological safety, accessibility, low price, biodegradability, and potentially advantageous biological effects on health, the incorporation of betalains in food manufacturing and related industries could pave the way to overcome current concerns over the health risks of artifici...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
electrophoresis
gel filtration
bronchoalveolar lavage
blood collection
reverse-transcription PCR
Assay
transfection
FCS
fluorescence-activated cell sorting

Software Mentioned

MM
GBSA
Data Bank
Wincycle
Glide
Prime
LigPrep

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