Betaxanthin formation and free amino acids in hairy roots of Beta vulgaris var. lutea depending on nutrient medium and glutamate or glutamine feeding

Phytochemistry
Hartmut Böhm, Gisela Mäck

Abstract

Feeding of amino acids to hairy roots of the yellow beet (Beta vulgaris var. lutea) usually results in the formation of the respective betaxanthins. One exception is (S)-glutamate whose feeding leads to an increase in the betaxanthin vulgaxanthin I (glutamine as amino-acid moiety) instead of vulgaxanthin II (glutamate as amino-acid moiety). To elucidate this phenomenon, hairy roots were cultivated in modified standard medium and (S)-glutamate was fed. Under most nutrient conditions tested, glutamine and vulgaxanthin I in the tissue dominated over glutamate and vulgaxanthin II. Glutamate, opposed to glutamine, was readily metabolized so that its concentration was lower than that of glutamine. Maximum concentrations of glutamate were reached when the activity of glutamine synthetase was low. Even then, however, vulgaxanthin II stayed on a low level. In contrast, the level of vulgaxanthin I increased with increasing concentrations of glutamine in the tissue. Also 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was a major amino acid in the hairy roots. Its concentration reached maximum levels when (S)-glutamate, a GABA precursor, was fed, or when sucrose, the C source of the roots, was replaced by glucose. The respective GABA-betaxanthin, however, was...Continue Reading

References

Mar 23, 2001·Phytochemistry·N KobayashiW Schliemann
Nov 21, 2001·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·J KannerR Granit
Jul 19, 2003·Free Radical Research·L TesoriereM A Livrea
Oct 1, 1980·Planta·A OaksI L Boesel

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Citations

Jun 14, 2013·Scientific Reports·Takashi NakatsukaMasahiro Nishihara
Apr 5, 2018·Antioxidants·Maria Graça Miguel
Apr 17, 2019·Journal of Pharmacopuncture·Reza ShiraziniaVahid Reza Askari

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