PMID: 9448210Feb 3, 1998Paper

Betel: consumption and consequences

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
S A Norton

Abstract

Betel is a compound of natural substances chewed for its psychostimulating effects. Betel is composed of the nut of the areca palm (Areca catechu), the leaf of the betel pepper (Piper betle), and lime (calcium hydroxide). Approximately 200 million persons chew betel regularly throughout the western Pacific basin and south Asia. Only three drugs (nicotine, ethanol, and caffeine) are consumed more widely than betel. When betel is chewed, it produces mild psychoactive and cholinergic effects. There is copious production of a blood-red saliva that can stain oral structures. After years of chewing, the teeth may become red-brown to nearly black. Betel use is associated with oral leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis, and squamous cell carcinoma. Use of betel is discouraged in Western countries because of its alleged carcinogenic and perceived dysesthetic properties; nevertheless, betel is widely available in the West.

References

Jan 1, 1977·Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research·I J MöllerI Effendi
Dec 1, 1985·Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology·P R MurtiF S Mehta
Jul 1, 1973·The British Journal of Dermatology·G Singh
Jun 1, 1984·Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research·J J PindborgF S Mehta
Jun 1, 1980·Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research·D K DaftaryF S Mehta
Feb 1, 1994·Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology·R MaherN W Johnson
Oct 1, 1995·Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology·D R LaiC C Tsai
Oct 1, 1996·Australian Dental Journal·S C Cox, D M Walker

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 8, 2007·Journal of General Internal Medicine·Joseph B CarusoDavid C Parish
Nov 11, 2010·Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling·Andrew Leask
Dec 4, 2004·Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·David GoldenbergChul-So Moon
Jan 19, 2000·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·A Dar, S Khatoon
Jun 27, 2001·Lancet·T M Mack
Mar 14, 2003·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Prabha S ChandraK R Jairam
Aug 16, 2001·Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics·P H LiaoM Y Chou
Sep 30, 2005·Drug and Alcohol Review·David McDonald
Nov 21, 2007·JAAPA : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants·Denise RizzoloThomas A Chiodo
Jan 1, 2010·Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online·Xixin HeXiaopeng Hu
Feb 5, 2010·Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials·Intzar AliInshad A Khan
Jan 1, 2004·Tobacco Induced Diseases·Meir GorskyNoam Yarom
Aug 23, 2012·PloS One·Rajeshwar N SharanKamlesh Asotra
Sep 19, 2012·Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology : Official Journal of Indian Society of Medical & Paediatric Oncology·Gunjan ShahSagar Vaishampayan
Feb 11, 2014·European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Yogesh YadavMaged Henary
Jan 18, 2008·The Consultant Pharmacist : the Journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists·Jeanette Y Wick
Sep 21, 2010·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Amol M BhandareVrushali S Thorve
Nov 18, 2008·Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America·Michael E StadlerDavid Neil Hayes
Aug 5, 2008·Oral Oncology·Stefano Petti
May 8, 2007·Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America·William H RichardsonJill E Michels
Oct 19, 2006·The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine·Chuan-Yu Chen, Carla L Storr
Oct 29, 2009·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Yan-Ping SunJian-Hui Liang
Feb 13, 1999·Dermatologic Clinics·J H KeelingC R Sartori
Jan 18, 2015·Clinical Oral Investigations·Maximilian KrügerFelix Peter Koch
Aug 31, 2001·Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology·J F DengC C Yang
Aug 24, 2011·Nordic Journal of Psychiatry·Maurizio Coppola, Raffaella Mondola
Oct 27, 2005·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Danella HafemanElan Louis
Oct 23, 2008·Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons·Shahid R Aziz
Mar 20, 2002·Addiction Biology·B J Boucher, N Mannan
Dec 30, 2017·Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences·R Karthik, N Mohan
Mar 29, 2019·European Journal of Cancer Prevention : the Official Journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP)·Mayank K ParakhAmit L Jain
Jan 18, 2019·Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP·Deepak VenkateshSurekha R Puranik
Jun 25, 2019·Addiction Research & Theory·Francis DalisayPallav Pokhrel
Sep 18, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Suzanne M de la MonteAyumi Saito

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

Basal cell carcinoma is a form of malignant skin cancer found on the head and neck regions and has low rates of metastasis. Discover the latest research on basal cell carcinoma here.