Beyond anesthetic properties: the effects of isoflurane on brain cell death, neurogenesis, and long-term neurocognitive function

Anesthesia and Analgesia
Greg StratmannMichael T Lee

Abstract

Anesthetic drugs cause brain cell death and long-term neurocognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats. Recently, human data also suggest that anesthesia early in life may cause cognitive impairment. The connection between cell death and neurocognitive decline is uncertain. It is conceivable that mechanisms other than brain cell death contribute to neurocognitive outcome of neonatal anesthesia. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate that isoflurane exposure causes significant hypercarbia in postnatal day 7 rats and that exposure to isoflurane or carbon dioxide for 4 h provoked brain cell death. However, 1 h of isoflurane exposure was not sufficient to cause brain cell death. Moreover, only 4 h of isoflurane exposure, but not 1 or 2 h of exposure or 4 h of carbon dioxide, led to impaired hippocampal function,questioning the association between anesthesia-induced brain cell death and neurocognitive dysfunction. Neurogenesis both in the developing and adult dentate gyrus is important for hippocampal function, specifically learning and memory. γ-Amino-butyric-acid regulates proliferation and neuronal differentiation both in the developing and the adult brain. Inhaled anesthetics are γ-amino-butyric-acid-ergic and may therefore affec...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 22, 2010·British Journal of Anaesthesia·L Sun
Mar 11, 2011·Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology·Jeffrey J Pasternak, William L Lanier
Nov 28, 2015·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Hongyan XiaoJun Zhang
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Jan 19, 2010·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Marcel E Durieux
Feb 4, 2010·Anesthesiology·Greg Stratmann
Aug 22, 2014·Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology·Meredith WagnerCyrus D Mintz
Oct 4, 2011·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Greg Stratmann
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Feb 27, 2021·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Gabriel Aparecido Pinto de Moura SilvaLuiza da Silva Lopes

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