Beyond Cholesterol - New Cardiovascular Biomarkers

Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series
Harald Mangge

Abstract

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the primary pathological result of obesity. Vulnerable AS plaques cause fatal clinical end points such as myocardial infarction and stroke. To prevent this, improvements in early diagnosis and treatment are essential. Because vulnerable AS plaques are frequently nonstenotic, they are preclinically undetectable using conventional imaging. Levels of blood lipids, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 are increased, but are insufficient to indicate the process of critical perpetuation before the end points present. More specific biomarkers (e.g. troponin, copetin, natriuretic peptides, growth differentiation factor-15, or soluble ST2) indicate the acute coronary syndrome or cardiac insufficiency, but not a critical destabilization of AS lesions in coronary or carotid arteries. Thus, valuable time (months to years) that could be used to treat the patient is wasted. An improved management of this dilemma may involve better detection of variations in degrees of immune inflammation in plaques by using new biomarkers in blood and/or within the lesion (molecular imaging). Macrophage and T-cell polarization, and innate and adaptive immune responses (e.g. Toll-like receptors) are involved in this critical process. ...Continue Reading

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Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
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