Beyond CTLA-4: novel immunotherapy strategies for metastatic melanoma

Future Oncology
Alexios Matikas, Dimitrios Mavroudis

Abstract

The treatment of metastatic melanoma is rapidly evolving. The discovery of BRAF and MEK inhibitors was an important milestone. Unfortunately, although response rates are high, disease progression is universal. Despite the success of IL-2 and adjuvant IFL-α2b, these two agents remained the only approved immunotherapy approaches. In recent years, the use of immunotherapy has drawn attention with the recognition of the mechanisms of tumor immune evasion. Blockade of these mechanisms may improve outcomes. However, the potential adverse events, the optimal use of these modalities, the high cost and the absence of predictive markers remain unmet challenges. Herein, we review the immunotherapy strategies in melanoma, either approved or under evaluation, and present the relevant data concerning their efficacy and safety.

References

Aug 1, 1995·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·M F Krummel, J P Allison
Aug 3, 1994·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·S A RosenbergD E White
Apr 1, 1994·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·E BajettaM G Bernengo
Oct 1, 1993·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·J A SparanoG R Weiss
Nov 24, 1999·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·M B AtkinsS A Rosenberg
Jun 18, 2002·Nature·Helen DaviesP Andrew Futreal
Jul 16, 2004·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Gheath AlatrashRonald M Bukowski
Jan 19, 2006·Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·D SchadendorfUNKNOWN DC study group of the DeCOG
Dec 30, 2006·Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII·Christian Blank, Andreas Mackensen
Jun 19, 2007·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Ian D DavisGrant A McArthur
Feb 19, 2008·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Alessandro TestoriUNKNOWN C-100-21 Study Group
Mar 19, 2008·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·John A ThompsonDiana F Hausman
Nov 26, 2008·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Adil I DaudRichard Heller
Dec 20, 2008·Clinics in Dermatology·Claus Garbe, Ulrike Leiter
Mar 12, 2009·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Ian D DavisGrant McArthur
Jun 23, 2009·Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals·David R MinorMohammed Kashani-Sabet
Nov 4, 2009·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Neil N SenzerJohn J Nemunaitis
Nov 18, 2009·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Charles M BalchVernon K Sondak
Nov 26, 2009·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Jedd D WolchokF Stephen Hodi
Jun 8, 2010·The New England Journal of Medicine·F Stephen HodiWalter J Urba
Sep 8, 2010·The New England Journal of Medicine·Keith T FlahertyPaul B Chapman
Sep 8, 2010·The New England Journal of Medicine·Philip W KantoffUNKNOWN IMPACT Study Investigators
Feb 25, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·David B Solit, Neal Rosen
Apr 19, 2011·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Steven A RosenbergMark E Dudley
Jun 3, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·Douglas J SchwartzentruberPatrick Hwu
Jun 7, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·Paul B ChapmanUNKNOWN BRIM-3 Study Group
Jun 7, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·Caroline RobertJedd D Wolchok
Nov 2, 2011·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·Ahmedin JemalPhyllis A Wingo
Oct 27, 2011·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Thomas K EigentlerClaus Garbe
Jan 25, 2012·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Peter A PrietoGiao Q Phan
Jun 5, 2012·The New England Journal of Medicine·Julie R BrahmerJon M Wigginton
Aug 7, 2012·Current Treatment Options in Oncology·Ronnie Shapira-Frommer, Jacob Schachter
Aug 24, 2012·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Teresa M PetrellaElizabeth A Eisenhauer
Aug 29, 2012·Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·M Maio
Aug 31, 2012·Oncoimmunology·Sebastian KreiterUgur Sahin
Oct 2, 2012·The New England Journal of Medicine·Keith T FlahertyJeffrey Weber
Jan 2, 2013·The Lancet Oncology·Rachael AnforthGeorgina V Long
Jan 9, 2013·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Antoni RibasAxel Hauschild
Apr 5, 2013·The New England Journal of Medicine·Antoni RibasJedd Wolchok
Jun 4, 2013·The New England Journal of Medicine·Omid HamidAntoni Ribas
Jun 4, 2013·The New England Journal of Medicine·Jedd D WolchokMario Sznol
Jul 16, 2013·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·Patrizia LeoneVito Racanelli

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 1, 2018·Health and Quality of Life Outcomes·Amr MakadyUNKNOWN GetReal Workpackage 1

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GM-CSF

Methods Mentioned

BETA
lymphodepletion

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01584648
NCT01597908
NCT01689519
NCT01515189
NCT01927419
NCT01844505
NCT01721772
NCT01721746
NCT01704287
NCT01866319

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete
C Hafner
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete
C Hafner
Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
P NathanP Lorigan
The Journal of Community and Supportive Oncology
Katja A Schindler, Michael A Postow
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved