Beyond the era of NPH insulin--long-acting insulin analogs: chemistry, comparative pharmacology, and clinical application

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
David R Owens, Geremia B Bolli

Abstract

The new rDNA and DNA-derived "basal" insulin analogs, glargine and detemir, represent significant advancement in the treatment of diabetes compared with conventional NPH insulin. This review describes blood glucose homeostasis by insulin in people without diabetes and outlines the physiological application of exogenous insulin in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The requirements for optimal basal insulin treatment are discussed and the methods used in the evaluation of basal insulins are presented. An essential criterion in the development of an "ideal" basal insulin preparation is that the molecular modifications made to the human insulin molecule do not compromise safety. It is also necessary to obtain a clear understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the two currently available basal insulin analogs. When comparing glargine and detemir, the different molar concentration ratios of the two insulin formulations should be considered along with the nonspecificity of assay systems used to determine insulin concentrations. However, euglycemic clamp studies in crossover study design provide a good basis for comparing the pharmacodynamic responses. When the latter is analyzed by results of i...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1985·Advances in Protein Chemistry·T Peters
Mar 1, 1984·Diabetes Care·C BinderS Pramming
Dec 1, 1994·Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Métabolisme·J A Galloway, R E Chance
Feb 1, 1997·Postgraduate Medicine·J R WhiteI Hirsch
Apr 29, 1999·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·L HeinemannT Heise
Jun 26, 1999·European Journal of Clinical Investigation·R J Heine
Jul 9, 1999·Biopolymers·H Berchtold, R Hilgenfeld
May 29, 2000·Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association·G A BrunnerT R Pieber
Apr 24, 2001·Diabetes Care·UNKNOWN American Diabetes Association
Sep 12, 2001·Lancet·D R OwensG B Bolli
Jan 15, 2002·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Christian MeyerJohn E Gerich
Jun 13, 2002·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·T HeiseL Heinemann
Jul 4, 2002·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·Manjinder S SandhuEdward L Giovannucci
Feb 18, 2003·Journal of Peptide Science : an Official Publication of the European Peptide Society·John H Jones
Mar 14, 2003·Drug Discovery Today·Shannon A MarshallJohn R Desjarlais
Mar 29, 2003·Current Medical Research and Opinion·G U KuerzelE Bernhardt
Aug 22, 2003·Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Métabolisme·S D LuzioD R Owens
Oct 28, 2003·Diabetes Care·Matthew C RiddleUNKNOWN Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators
Jan 15, 2004·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Simona I Chisalita, Hans J Arnqvist
Feb 21, 2004·Skin Pharmacology and Physiology·G Schicksnus, C C Müller-Goymann
Mar 6, 2004·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Satish K GargH Peter Chase
Mar 12, 2004·The American Journal of Medicine·Matthew C Riddle
Apr 28, 2004·Diabetes Care·Philip HomeUNKNOWN Study to Evaluate the Administration of Detemir Insulin Efficacy, Safety and Suitability (STEADINESS) Study Group

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 17, 2009·Journal de la Société de biologie·Bernard Scatton
Aug 22, 2008·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Satish K Garg, Ramachandra G Naik
Oct 24, 2009·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·J Hans DeVries
Jun 28, 2011·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Francesca PorcellatiCarmine G Fanelli
Mar 6, 2013·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Irl B Hirsch
Feb 22, 2012·International Journal of Clinical Practice·E Delgado, UNKNOWN LAUREL Spain study investigators
Oct 8, 2011·Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation : C/E·Ernst-Günther HagenmeyerPeter K Schädlich
Mar 16, 2012·Endocrine-related Cancer·Aimee J Varewijck, Joseph A M J L Janssen
Jan 1, 2010·Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy·Jean-Pierre Le Floch
Jun 18, 2011·Postgraduate Medicine·Kevin D Niswender
Jun 18, 2011·Postgraduate Medicine·Kevin D Niswender
Sep 6, 2012·Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy·Zhulin MaTorben Laursen
Jun 19, 2015·Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology·Tim HeiseHanne Haahr
Aug 27, 2011·Current Medical Research and Opinion·Scott E Nelson
May 12, 2012·Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America·Sean M SwitzerSatish K Garg
Oct 25, 2011·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·Keiko UehataHidetoshi Arima
Nov 9, 2010·Growth Hormone & IGF Research : Official Journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society·A J VarewijckJ A M J L Janssen
Mar 12, 2010·The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice·Chen Gilor, Thomas K Graves
Jul 11, 2009·Diabetes & Metabolism·C FagourV Rigalleau
Mar 10, 2009·Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews
Mar 2, 2013·Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism·G Grunberger
Jun 14, 2015·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·Kimberly M HerreraLois E Brustman
Jun 30, 2015·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Ashwini MalladAnanda Basu
Oct 10, 2014·Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·Robert Zimmerman
Mar 3, 2012·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice·Emily G MoserSatish K Garg
Dec 3, 2014·The Medical Clinics of North America·Elizabeth Stephens
Feb 25, 2014·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Carly Anne Bloom, Jacquie Rand

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.