Bias and Precision of the "Multiple Imputation, Then Deletion" Method for Dealing With Missing Outcome Data

American Journal of Epidemiology
Thomas R SullivanKatherine J Lee

Abstract

Multiple imputation (MI) is increasingly being used to handle missing data in epidemiologic research. When data on both the exposure and the outcome are missing, an alternative to standard MI is the "multiple imputation, then deletion" (MID) method, which involves deleting imputed outcomes prior to analysis. While MID has been shown to provide efficiency gains over standard MI when analysis and imputation models are the same, the performance of MID in the presence of auxiliary variables for the incomplete outcome is not well understood. Using simulated data, we evaluated the performance of standard MI and MID in regression settings where data were missing on both the outcome and the exposure and where an auxiliary variable associated with the incomplete outcome was included in the imputation model. When the auxiliary variable was unrelated to missingness in the outcome, both standard MI and MID produced negligible bias when estimating regression parameters, with standard MI being more efficient in most settings. However, when the auxiliary variable was also associated with missingness in the outcome, alarmingly MID produced markedly biased parameter estimates. On the basis of these results, we recommend that researchers use sta...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 20, 2017·Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology·Xiangqun JuLisa Jamieson
Nov 30, 2016·Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research·Bryce A BasquesJonathan N Grauer
Apr 10, 2018·Epidemiology·Danielle M CrookesShakira F Suglia
Nov 13, 2018·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Jackie KneeJoe Brown
Jun 28, 2019·The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing·Billy A CaceresTonda L Hughes
Nov 28, 2019·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Kristin GrahamAlexander McFarlane
Mar 5, 2020·The Journal of School Health·Kasey JackmanRebecca Schnall
Aug 1, 2020·American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council·Elizabeth M Miller
Dec 17, 2019·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·L S E ErikssonL Wynants
Sep 8, 2017·BMC Medical Research Methodology·Thomas R SullivanAmy B Salter
Dec 31, 2016·Statistical Methods in Medical Research·Thomas R SullivanKatherine J Lee
Jan 11, 2017·BMC Medical Research Methodology·Evangelos KontopantelisIain Buchan
Feb 22, 2017·BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth·Usha SinghMetta Kuning
Nov 23, 2017·Frontiers in Neurology·Alba AyalaPablo Martínez-Martín
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