Bias in research studies

Radiology
Gregory T Sica

Abstract

Bias is a form of systematic error that can affect scientific investigations and distort the measurement process. A biased study loses validity in relation to the degree of the bias. While some study designs are more prone to bias, its presence is universal. It is difficult or even impossible to completely eliminate bias. In the process of attempting to do so, new bias may be introduced or a study may be rendered less generalizable. Therefore, the goals are to minimize bias and for both investigators and readers to comprehend its residual effects, limiting misinterpretation and misuse of data. Numerous forms of bias have been described, and the terminology can be confusing, overlapping, and specific to a medical specialty. Much of the terminology is drawn from the epidemiology literature and may not be common parlance for radiologists. In this review, various types of bias are discussed, with emphasis on the radiology literature, and common study designs in which bias occurs are presented.

References

Jan 1, 1979·Journal of Chronic Diseases·D L Sackett
Oct 26, 1978·The New England Journal of Medicine·D F Ransohoff, A R Feinstein
Apr 1, 1991·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·D G Fryback, J R Thornbury
Feb 1, 1990·American Journal of Clinical Pathology·P N Valenstein
Nov 1, 1988·Journal of Dental Research·A Donner, D Banting
Jun 1, 1995·Investigative Radiology·Y T van der SchouwS H Ruijs
Jan 1, 1994·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·J R Thornbury
Apr 1, 1993·Investigative Radiology·S B Peterman
Jan 19, 1999·Academic Radiology·C C BlackmoreC P Langlotz
Sep 24, 1999·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J G LijmerP M Bossuyt
Jun 22, 2000·The New England Journal of Medicine·J ConcatoR I Horwitz
Feb 13, 2001·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·C C Blackmore
Jun 2, 2001·The British Journal of Radiology·S Brealey, A J Scally
Sep 22, 2001·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·P E Crewson, K E Applegate
Oct 20, 2001·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·E A Kazerooni
Jan 26, 2002·Lancet·David A Grimes, Kenneth F Schulz
Mar 5, 2002·Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR·Wilmer HuangDavid V Glidden
Jun 22, 2002·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Craig A Beam
Jan 4, 2003·Radiology·Patrick M BossuytUNKNOWN Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy
Jul 2, 2003·Radiology·David GurThomas E Warfel
Nov 1, 2003·Radiology·Nancy A Obuchowski
Jan 31, 2004·Radiology·Jonathan H Sunshine, Kimberly E Applegate
Feb 6, 2004·Annals of Internal Medicine·Penny WhitingJos Kleijnen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 17, 2013·Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA·J NylandD N M Caborn
Feb 9, 2008·Skeletal Radiology·Nancy A Obuchowski, Michael L Lieber
Dec 21, 2007·Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery·J NylandD N M Caborn
Apr 16, 2011·Supportive Care in Cancer : Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·Bronwyn A MorrisJennifer L Scott
Aug 23, 2012·Journal of Neurotrauma·Teemu M LuotoGrant L Iverson
Nov 3, 2010·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Frank FangKevin C Chung
Oct 1, 2013·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Stéphane StahlOliver Lotter
Apr 7, 2009·Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography·Giulia A ZamboniVassilios D Raptopoulos
Nov 27, 2009·Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography·Diana LitmanovichVassilios Raptopoulos
Jan 11, 2013·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Boekhtiar BorhanuddinIsa Naina Mohamed
Nov 17, 2010·Journal of Occupational Health·Lars KnollThomas Kraus
Jul 24, 2008·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Caroline KeyzerPierre Alain Gevenois
Sep 26, 2013·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·R Joshua DymBenjamin H Taragin
Nov 23, 2013·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Askell LöveIsabella M Björkman-Burtscher
Oct 24, 2007·Radiology·Giulia A ZamboniVassilios D Raptopoulos
Mar 20, 2014·BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care·Barbara D FranceMarlise Poolman
Nov 14, 2008·Southern Medical Journal·Joe L HsuWare G Kuschner
Jul 22, 2008·Radiology·Gordon L HixsonConstantine A Gatsonis
May 23, 2014·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Esther Hiu Yee HungJason Chi Shun Leung
Aug 10, 2013·Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology·R Schulze
Oct 23, 2012·Quality of Life Research : an International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation·Marc JacobsMirjam A G Sprangers
Jan 14, 2010·European Radiology·Francesco SardanelliGabriel P Krestin
Aug 7, 2014·Evidence-based Nursing·Joanna Smith, Helen Noble
Oct 24, 2014·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Lucila A RosinesCarrie B Ruzal-Shapiro
Dec 29, 2011·Journal of Gambling Studies·Blase Gambino
Jul 22, 2010·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·V Wiwanitkit

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.