Bicruciate ligament lesions and dislocation of the knee: mechanisms and classification

Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research : OTSR
S BoisgardFrench Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology (SOFCOT)

Abstract

Knowledge of the mechanisms of bicruciate lesions and dislocation of the knee enables analysis and classification in terms of injuries' location and type, guiding surgery and facilitating assessment. Careful history taking and clinical examination shed light on the mechanism involved, but exact identification of the lesion further requires examination under anesthesia and static and dynamic X-rays and MRI, which together enable precise determination of lesion type and location. There are two types of mechanism: gaping, causing ligament tear; and translation, causing detachment. When a single mechanism is involved, the lesion is said to be "simple". Simple gaping causes bicruciate lesions without medial, lateral or posterior dislocation. Simple translation causes pure anterior or posterior dislocation. Gaping and translation may also occur in combination, causing dislocation with peripheral tearing. There are two types of classification: descriptive, based on X-ray findings--i.e., static classification; and physiopathological, based on clinical and dynamic X-ray findings. MRI further explores ligament detachment and bone lesions that are inaccessible to clinical and conventional X-ray examination. Physiopathological assessment-b...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Aug 27, 2013·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Richard E A WalkerNicholas G Mohtadi
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Apr 3, 2021·Acta ortopedica brasileira·Mauro Mituso Inada, Sérgio Rocha Piedade

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