Bidirectional Echolocation in the Bat Barbastella barbastellus: Different Signals of Low Source Level Are Emitted Upward through the Nose and Downward through the Mouth

PloS One
Anna-Maria SeibertHans-Ulrich Schnitzler

Abstract

The Barbastelle bat (Barbastella barbastellus) preys almost exclusively on tympanate moths. While foraging, this species alternates between two different signal types. We investigated whether these signals differ in emission direction or source level (SL) as assumed from earlier single microphone recordings. We used two different settings of a 16-microphone array to determine SL and sonar beam direction at various locations in the field. Both types of search signals had low SLs (81 and 82 dB SPL rms re 1 m) as compared to other aerial-hawking bats. These two signal types were emitted in different directions; type 1 signals were directed downward and type 2 signals upward. The angle between beam directions was approximately 70°. Barbastelle bats are able to emit signals through both the mouth and the nostrils. As mouth and nostrils are roughly perpendicular to each other, we conclude that type 1 signals are emitted through the mouth while type 2 signals and approach signals are emitted through the nose. We hypothesize that the "stealth" echolocation system of B. barbastellus is bifunctional. The more upward directed nose signals may be mainly used for search and localization of prey. Their low SL prevents an early detection by e...Continue Reading

References

Dec 4, 2001·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·A DenzingerH U Schnitzler
Oct 1, 1960·The Journal of Laryngology and Otology·J D PYE
Nov 14, 2003·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·M W Holderied, O von Helversen
May 1, 2008·PloS One·Annemarie Surlykke, Elisabeth K V Kalko
Aug 24, 2010·Current Biology : CB·Holger R GoerlitzMarc W Holderied
Sep 18, 2012·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Wolfram-Peter Stilz, Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler
Apr 13, 2013·PloS One·Anna-Maria SeibertHans-Ulrich Schnitzler
May 1, 2013·Frontiers in Physiology·Lasse JakobsenAnnemarie Surlykke
Jul 11, 2013·Frontiers in Physiology·Annette Denzinger, Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler

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Citations

Aug 10, 2016·Scientific Reports·Simone GötzeHans-Ulrich Schnitzler
Aug 28, 2016·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·Yasufumi YamadaYoshiaki Watanabe
Jul 30, 2020·Ecology and Evolution·Tessa A RhinehartJustin Kitzes
Dec 12, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Thejasvi Beleyur, Holger R Goerlitz
Nov 26, 2020·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Daniel Lewanzik, Holger R Goerlitz
Dec 12, 2020·Ecology and Evolution·Theresa Hügel, Holger R Goerlitz
May 29, 2021·Integrative Zoology·Giada GiacominiCarlo Meloro

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Software Mentioned

Waveform
MOTION
Matlab
Sonarbeam
JMP
SIMI

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