Abstract
Pain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are strongly correlated in veteran populations. Arguments for which one condition predicts or worsens the other condition have gone in both directions. However, research addressing this issue has been primarily limited to cross-sectional studies rather than examinations of a potential bidirectional relationship between pain interference and PTSD symptoms over time. In addition, no studies have examined deployment injury status as potentially moderating this bidirectional effect in veterans. To address these gaps in the literature, the present longitudinal study examined whether there is a bidirectional relationship between pain interference and PTSD symptoms in a sample of male and female veterans returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, or Operation New Dawn (N = 729) and whether deployment injury status moderates this relationship. Participants completed phone interviews regarding pain interference and PTSD symptoms at three time points, each three months apart. Pain interference at Time 1 predicted worse PTSD symptoms at Time 2 for the subset of veterans who sustained injuries during deployment (n = 381) but not for veterans with pain interfer...Continue Reading
References
Mar 1, 1990·Psychological Bulletin·P M Bentler
Mar 1, 1996·Medical Care·J WareS D Keller
Jun 28, 2000·The Clinical Journal of Pain·J J ShermanA Okifuji
Jul 8, 2000·Annual Review of Public Health·R J Little, D B Rubin
Aug 11, 2001·Clinical Psychology Review·T J Sharp, A G Harvey
Jan 1, 2004·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Xuyang Zhang, J Bruce Tomblin
Jan 23, 2004·Pain·Liesbet GoubertStefaan Van Damme
Jan 29, 2005·The American Journal of Psychiatry·Danny KorenEhud M Klein
Aug 11, 2006·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·Ronald J GirondaRobyn L Walker
Jun 7, 2007·Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development·Jillian C ShipherdErica Duncan
Nov 21, 2007·The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation·Karen A SchwabDeborah Warden
Feb 19, 2008·Pain·Joshua D ClappDeMond M Grant
Aug 4, 2009·Psychiatric Services : a Journal of the American Psychiatric Association·Robert H PietrzakSteven M Southwick
Oct 9, 2009·Psychological Medicine·A LiedlR A Bryant
Oct 13, 2009·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·Drew A HelmerGudrun Lange
Oct 13, 2009·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·John D OtisErica Scioli
Dec 8, 2010·Journal of Counseling Psychology·Gabriel L SchlomerNoel A Card
Jul 19, 2011·Psychological Trauma : Theory, Research, Practice and Policy·J Gayle Beck, Joshua D Clapp
Dec 4, 2012·Psychological Medicine·N Breslau, L Schultz
Feb 26, 2013·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·Samantha D OutcaltErin E Krebs
Jul 20, 2014·The Journal of Pain : Official Journal of the American Pain Society·Kelcey J StrattonWilliam C Walker
Feb 27, 2016·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Christine A VaughanLisa S Meredith
Citations
Nov 17, 2020·British Journal of Pain·Louise Morgan, Dominic Aldington
Mar 5, 2021·Brain and Behavior·Lauren E WalkerIan J Stewart
Mar 11, 2021·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·Hongjin LiArdith Z Doorenbos
Jun 29, 2021·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·Nicholas A GiordanoRosemary C Polomano