Abstract
The incidence of nosocomial infections in children in developed countries is still high, ranging from 8% to 30%, and standard preventive measures, such as increased hygiene, are not sufficiently efficacious. One of the potential strategies for their prevention is the use of probiotics. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in preventing nosocomial infections in the acute hospital setting. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 727 hospitalized children (aged 1-18 y). The children were randomly allocated to receive placebo (placebo group, n = 365) or B. animalis subsp. lactis at a dose of 10(9) colony-forming units/d (intervention group, n = 362) once daily for the entire duration of the hospital stay. Nosocomial infections were defined as infections that occurred >48 h after hospital admission and that were not present or incubating at the time of admission. Analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. There was no difference in the study primary outcome or incidence of common nosocomial gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections between groups (22 vs. 29 infections, respectively; incidence rate ratio = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.36; ...Continue Reading
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