Biliary Tract Cancers: Molecular Heterogeneity and New Treatment Options

Cancers
Nicola PersoneniLorenza Rimassa

Abstract

Most patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) are diagnosed with advanced disease, relapse rates are high in those undergoing surgery and prognosis remains poor, while the incidence is increasing. Treatment options are limited, and chemotherapy is still the standard of care in both adjuvant and advanced disease setting. In recent years, different subtypes of BTC have been defined depending on the anatomical location and genetic and/or epigenetic aberrations. Especially for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) novel therapeutic targets have been identified, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene fusions and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations, with molecularly targeted agents having shown evidence of activity in this subgroup of patients. Additionally, other pathways are being evaluated in both iCCA and other subtypes of BTC, alongside targeting of the immune microenvironment. The growing knowledge of BTC biology and molecular heterogeneity has paved the way for the development of new therapeutic approaches that will completely change the treatment paradigm for this disease in the near future. This review provides an overview of the molecular heterogeneity of BTC and summarizes new targets and emerging thera...Continue Reading

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Apr 3, 2021·Cancer Treatment and Research Communications·Alessandro RizzoGiovanni Brandi
Apr 13, 2021·Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Takuji Okusaka
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
xenograft

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT03207347
NCT03613168
NCT02576431
NCT02568267

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