Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Katarzyna GoszczIan L Megson

Abstract

Despite limited bioavailability and rapid degradation, dietary anthocyanins are antioxidants with cardiovascular benefits. This study tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant protection conferred by the anthocyanin, delphinidin, is mediated by modulation of endogenous antioxidant defences, driven by its degradation product, gallic acid. Delphinidin was found to degrade rapidly (t1/2 ~ 30 min), generating gallic acid as a major degradation product. Both delphinidin and gallic acid generated oxygen-centred radicals at high (100 μM) concentrations in vitro. In a cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell model of oxidative stress, the antioxidant protective effects of both delphinidin and gallic acid displayed a hormesic profile; 100 μM concentrations of both were cytotoxic, but relatively low concentrations (100 nM-1 μM) protected the cells and were associated with increased intracellular glutathione. We conclude that delphinidin is intrinsically unstable and unlikely to confer any direct antioxidant activity in vivo yet it offered antioxidant protection to cells at low concentrations. This paradox might be explained by the ability of the degradation product, gallic acid, to confer benefit. The findings are important in und...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1992·Chemical Research in Toxicology·W H KoppenolJ S Beckman
Jan 1, 1995·Biochimie·M Martínez-Cayuela
Mar 1, 1997·Experimental Physiology·H Sies
Jan 5, 2002·Physiological Reviews·Wulf Dröge
Apr 19, 2002·Molecular Pharmacology·Achim LassFriedrich Brunner
Jan 23, 2003·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Marja P Kähkönen, Marina Heinonen
Oct 17, 2003·Phytochemistry·Jin-Ming KongR Brouillard
Oct 29, 2003·Hypertension·Yoshihiro Taniyama, Kathy K Griendling
Nov 6, 2003·Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy·Jayashree C JagtapPadma Shastry
Dec 25, 2003·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Garry G DuthieJanet A M Kyle
Apr 29, 2004·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Claudine ManachLiliana Jiménez
Sep 15, 2004·NMR in Biomedicine·Bernard Gallez, Harold M Swartz
Oct 2, 2004·EMBO Reports·Edward J Calabrese
Oct 7, 2004·European Journal of Pharmacology·Jean-Claude StocletValérie B Schini-Kerth
Jan 5, 2005·Micron : the International Research and Review Journal for Microscopy·Beatriz L MolinariRómulo L Cabrini
Jul 21, 2005·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Gordon J McDougallDerek Stewart
Jul 29, 2005·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Augustin ScalbertLiliana Jiménez
Aug 30, 2005·Life Sciences·Etsuki ShinnoYoko Aniya
Dec 5, 2006·Cardiovascular Research·Barry Halliwell
May 30, 2007·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·Shirley Zafra-StoneDebasis Bagchi
Jul 3, 2007·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Rosario JiménezJuan Duarte
Nov 6, 2007·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·Eva SadilovaFlorian C Stintzing
Feb 1, 2008·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Sonja K NicholsonJohn M Brameld
Feb 21, 2008·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·Barry Halliwell
Sep 30, 2008·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. a·Laura Estévez, Ricardo A Mosquera
Dec 17, 2008·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Jeffrey A JohnsonPei-Chun Chen
Apr 17, 2009·The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry·José Gil-Longo, Cristina González-Vázquez
May 6, 2009·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·Colin D KayAedin Cassidy
May 14, 2009·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Gary WoodwardColin Kay
Apr 27, 2010·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Bo Ra You, Woo Hyun Park
Aug 7, 2010·Chemistry Central Journal·Angelique C EslamiGarry R Buettner
Aug 19, 2010·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Kanti Bhooshan Pandey, Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
Sep 22, 2010·Molecular Aspects of Medicine·Cesar G FragaPatricia I Oteiza

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 16, 2018·European Journal of Sport Science·Daniel J OwensGraeme L Close
Jul 3, 2019·Nutrients·Bogdan Nicolae ManolescuIleana C Farcasanu
Nov 11, 2019·Science China. Life Sciences·Qiuping GuoYulong Yin
Aug 21, 2019·Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine·Denise BurtenshawPaul A Cahill
Nov 15, 2018·Nutrients·Christiane SchönBernd Bonnländer
Dec 29, 2020·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Jesús Herrera-BravoLuis A Salazar
Sep 27, 2019·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Zhixi ChenLonghuo Wu
Aug 28, 2021·Frontiers in Nutrition·Barry Sears, Asish K Saha
Aug 28, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Ying FuYuou Teng

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
Electron paramagnetic resonance

Software Mentioned

Xcalibur Qual Browser
GraphPad
GraphPad Prism
SkanIt

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autophagy & Aging: Inhibitors

The feed focuses on the role of nuclear export inhibitors and their effect on autophagy and the aging process.