Biochemical, cytological, and immunological mechanisms of rhododendrol-induced leukoderma

Journal of Dermatological Science
Yoshiki TokuraTaisuke Ito

Abstract

Recently, an unexpected outbreak of patients with leukoderma occurred in Japan with the use of brightening/lightening cosmetics containing rhododendrol (RD). Patients developed leukoderma mostly on the skin sites repeatedly applied with RD, but some patients also had vitiligo-like lesions on the non-applied sites. RD is a tyrosinase-competitive inhibiting substance, thereby serving as an inhibitor of melanin synthesis. Upon inhibition of tyrosinase, RD is converted to new products such as tyrosinase-catalyzed hydroxyl-metabolite, which damage melanocytes. The melanocyte cell lysates seem to induce T-cell response. The frequencies of CD8+ T cells in both lesional skin and peripheral blood are significantly higher in the RD leukoderma as well as non-segmental vitiligo patients than in normal controls. In HLA-A*02:01 positive cases, circulating Melan-A-specific cytotoxic T cells can be detected at a high frequency. It is thus suggested that RD-induced leukoderma is induced by not only cytolysis of melanocytes but also subsequent immune reactions toward melanocytes.

References

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Mar 1, 2015·Journal of Dermatological Science·Toshiharu FujiyamaYoshiki Tokura

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Citations

Feb 24, 2016·Journal of Dermatological Science·Carmen Vanessa Ortiz-RuizFrancisco Garcia-Canovas
Feb 13, 2016·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Minjeong KimKyung-Min Lim
Nov 9, 2015·Journal of Dermatological Science·Yuko AbeTamio Suzuki
May 14, 2016·Journal of Dermatological Science·Noriko AraseIchiro Katayama
Nov 25, 2016·The Journal of Dermatology·Momoko YoshikawaToshiharu Yamashita
Mar 21, 2017·Dermatologic Clinics·John E Harris
Feb 15, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Shosuke Ito, Kazumasa Wakamatsu
Jan 5, 2018·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Yan WangZhen Yang
Nov 17, 2017·The Journal of Toxicological Sciences·Masahiko YamaguchiHitoshi Sasa
Feb 6, 2020·Annual Review of Immunology·Michael L FrisoliJohn E Harris
Nov 16, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Minjeong KimKyung-Min Lim
Apr 4, 2017·Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition·Akimitsu MiyajiToshihide Baba
Aug 23, 2019·The Journal of Investigative Dermatology·Chia-Hao HsuYun-Jin Jiang
Jan 26, 2021·Indian Journal of Dermatology·Sanjay Ghosh
Oct 16, 2020·The Journal of Investigative Dermatology·Chia-Hao Hsu, Yun-Jin Jiang
Jul 27, 2021·Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research·Masumi HayazakiAkie Hamamoto

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