PMID: 3769604Oct 1, 1986Paper

Biological nonoptimality and quality of postnatal environment as codeterminants of intellectual development

Child Development
B J Breitmayer, C T Ramey

Abstract

The relation of nonoptimal condition at birth to the intellectual development of children reared in 2 different environments was investigated in a 4 1/2-year longitudinal experiment. Subjects were 80 disadvantaged children, half of whom were randomly assigned at birth to a day-care program designed to prevent mild mental retardation and half to an educationally untreated control group. All subjects for this report were full-term and weighed over 2,500 grams at birth; condition at birth was considered nonoptimal if the 1-min Apgar score was less than or equal to 8. Results indicated that nonoptimal perinatal status had significant adverse effects on 4 1/2-year scores on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities in the control group (p less than .01); however, test scores of children with optimal or nonoptimal Apgars did not differ within the group that received educational treatment. The results provide support for a framework stressing initial biological vulnerability and subsequent environmental insufficiency as cumulative risk factors in the development of children from low SES families.

References

Sep 1, 1979·Child Development·C T RameyF A Campbell
Mar 1, 1973·Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology·T B Brazelton
Sep 1, 1980·Early Human Development·H F Prechtl
Sep 1, 1958·Child Development·E S SCHAEFER, R Q BELL

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Citations

Apr 15, 1994·Early Human Development·P OlsénP Rantakallio
Nov 1, 1988·Neurotoxicology and Teratology·D BellingerM Rabinowitz
Nov 11, 2008·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Anne M GillMelvin N Wilson
Jul 20, 2005·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Michael F Lorber, Amy M Smith Slep
Jan 5, 2006·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Charlotte JohnstonJeneva Ohan
Mar 1, 1994·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·D SkuseS Reilly
Sep 28, 2010·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Katherine S Wallace, Sally J Rogers

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