Biology of the human blood-nerve barrier in health and disease.

Experimental Neurology
Eroboghene E Ubogu

Abstract

A highly regulated endoneurial microenvironment is required for normal axonal function in peripheral nerves and nerve roots, which structurally consist of an outer collagenous epineurium, inner perineurium consisting of multiple concentric layers of specialized epithelioid myofibroblasts that surround the innermost endoneurium, which consists of myelinated and unmyelinated axons embedded in a looser mesh of collagen fibers. Endoneurial homeostasis is achieved by tight junction-forming endoneurial microvessels that control ion, solute, water, nutrient, macromolecule and leukocyte influx and efflux between the bloodstream and endoneurium, and the innermost layers of the perineurium that control interstitial fluid component flux between the freely permeable epineurium and endoneurium. Strictly speaking, endoneurial microvascular endothelium should be considered the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) due to direct communication with circulating blood. The mammalian BNB is considered the second most restrictive vascular system after the blood-brain barrier (BBB) based on classic in situ permeability studies. Structural alterations in endoneurial microvessels or interactions with hematogenous leukocytes have been described in several human pe...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 21, 2020·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Vladimir N UverskyElrashdy M Redwan
Dec 4, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Nathan Moreau, Yves Boucher
Jan 23, 2021·Scientific Reports·Patrick DömerChristian Heinen
Jul 6, 2021·Molecular Cancer Therapeutics·Matthias A KarajannisJaishri O Blakeley

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