Biomarkers for Deep Brain Stimulation in Animal Models of Depression.

Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
Jason YuenYoonbae Oh

Abstract

Despite recent advances in depression treatment, many patients still do not respond to serial conventional therapies and are considered "treatment resistant." Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has therapeutic potential in this context. This comprehensive review of recent studies of DBS for depression in animal models identifies potential biomarkers for improving therapeutic efficacy and predictability of conventional DBS to aid future development of closed-loop control of DBS system. A systematic search was performed in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Review using relevant keywords. In overall, 56 animal studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Outcomes were divided into biochemical/physiological, electrophysiological, and behavioral categories. Promising biomarkers include biochemical assays (in particular, microdialysis and electrochemical measurements), which provide real-time results in awake animals. Electrophysiological tests, showing changes at both the target site and downstream structures also revealed characteristic changes at several anatomic targets (such as the medial prefrontal cortex and locus coeruleus). However, the substantial range of models and DBS targets limits the ability to draw generalizable conclusions in ani...Continue Reading

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