Biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis: From molecular processes to diagnostic applications-current concepts and future perspectives

Immunology Letters
Britt NakkenPeter Szodoray

Abstract

Early diagnosis and immediately started appropriate treatment are mandatory for the prevention of radiographic progression, functional disability and unfavourable disease outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The current classification criteria for RA include two different types of biomarkers representing inflammatory processes, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or immune processes including autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA). After the discovery of RF, the recent recognition of various autoantibodies against post-translationally modified proteins opened new avenues to diagnosing RA and predicting the course of the disease. Citrullination and carbamylation of amino acids generate new epitopes that can potentially promote the production of novel autoantibodies. In spite of growing knowledge, the pathogenic role of these autoantibodies is still not fully elucidated in RA. In this paper, we review the currently available and novel promising immune biomarkers, which may help in early diagnosis and estimating prognosis in RA.

References

Feb 12, 2017·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·Caroline OspeltGerd R Burmester

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 21, 2019·BioFactors·Shahla KoraniAmirhossein Sahebkar
Jan 27, 2019·International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases·Jinxia Zhao, Zhan-Guo Li
Jul 25, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Ulrike SteffenAline Bozec
Dec 6, 2017·Calcified Tissue International·Barbara Hauser, Ulrike Harre
Oct 10, 2020·Nature Reviews. Disease Primers·Emanual MaverakisSinéad M Langan
Jul 15, 2020·Biomarkers : Biochemical Indicators of Exposure, Response, and Susceptibility to Chemicals·Bogdan KolarzRafal Podgorski
Mar 23, 2021·Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research·Diego PrietoAlejandra Chaparro
May 25, 2021·Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics·Mohammed F Alghamdi, Elrashdy M Redwan
Jun 2, 2021·Auto- Immunity Highlights·Yolima Puentes-OsorioDaniel Taborda

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.