Biomarkers of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Fariborz BahramiSima Rafati

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an immune-mediated skin pathology caused mainly by Leishmania (L.) major, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania braziliensis, L. mexicana, and L. amazonensis. The burden of CL in terms of morbidity and social stigmas are concentrated on certain developing countries in Asia, Africa, and South America. People with asymptomatic CL represent a large proportion of the infected individuals in the endemic areas who exhibit no lesion and can control the infection by as yet not fully understood mechanisms. Currently, there is no approved prophylactic control measure for CL. Discovery of biomarkers of CL infection and immunity can inform the development of more precise diagnostics tools as well as curative or preventive strategies to control CL. Herein, we provide a brief overview of the state-of-the-art for the biomarkers of CL with a special emphasis on the asymptomatic CL biomarkers. Among the identified CL biomarkers so far, direct biomarkers which indicate the actual presence of the infection as well as indirect biomarkers which reflect the host's reaction to the infection, such as alterations in delayed type hypersensitivity, T-cell subpopulations and cytokines, adenosine deaminase, and antibodies against t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 22, 2019·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Beatriz Coutinho De OliveiraValéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
Sep 5, 2020·Expert Review of Proteomics·Nasrin MasoudzadehSima Rafati
May 16, 2019·Acta Parasitologica·Caroline Sobotyk OliveiraLuis Antonio Sangioni
Nov 8, 2020·Acta Parasitologica·Iraj SharifiDelavar Shahbazzadeh
Jun 17, 2020·Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews·Ester Alves da Silva AmorimMaria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro
Feb 4, 2021·Drug Delivery and Translational Research·Manuela CarvalheiroSandra Simões
Oct 30, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Yun WuGuowei Yang
May 27, 2021·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Y Andrea PradaEnrique Mejía-Ospino
Nov 11, 2021·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Shilpa Sengupta, Mitali Chatterjee

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
biopsy
biopsies
deamination

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