Biomechanical analysis of the development of human bipedal walking by a neuro-musculo-skeletal model

Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology
N YamazakiN Hayamizu

Abstract

A new computer simulation method, using a neuro-musculo-skeletal model, is used to clarify the process of acquisition of erect bipedal walking during human ontogeny. Walking was autonomously generated as a dynamic interaction called 'mutual entrainment' between the neural oscillation and the pendular movement of differently proportioned bodies. Walking patterns of humans with 8 different sets of alternative body proportions, varying from those of 8-month-old children to those of 22 years old adults, were simulated. The development of bipedal walking is characterized as the change from a forced oscillation controlled by the nervous system to the natural oscillation of pendular motion, determined by body proportions. Body proportions are the fundamental factor in the development of bipedal walking.

Citations

Aug 23, 2007·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·William Irvin Sellers, Phillip Lars Manning
Dec 19, 2013·PloS One·William Irvin SellersPhillip Lars Manning
Jan 20, 2005·Journal of Human Evolution·Tanya Suzanne Carey, Robin Huw Crompton
Feb 27, 2003·The Journal of Experimental Biology·W I SellersR H Crompton

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